Ta có: \(\dfrac{3a^2-b^2}{a^2+b^2}=\dfrac{3}{4}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow4\cdot\left(3a^2-b^2\right)=3\left(a^2+b^2\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow12a^2-4b^2=3a^2+3b^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow12a^2-3a^2=3b^2+4b^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow9a^2=7b^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^2}{b^2}=\dfrac{7}{9}\)

hay \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\pm\dfrac{\sqrt{7}}{3}\)

bai 1

=ax5-x5-9xy-4xy-7x

=ax5-(5x+7x)-(9xy+4xy)

=5ax-12x-13xy

2

M=4a+ab-2b+2a-2b+ab

=6a+2ab-4b

n=6a+2b-ab+2a

=8a+2b-ab

m-n=6a+2ab-4b-8a-2b+ab

=3ab-2a-6b

a) \(\dfrac{a}{5}=\dfrac{b}{4}\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^2}{25}=\dfrac{b^2}{16}\)

Áp dụng tính chất DTSBN :

\(\dfrac{a^2}{25}=\dfrac{b^2}{16}=\dfrac{a^2-b^2}{25-16}=\dfrac{1}{9}\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a^2=\dfrac{1}{9}\cdot25=\dfrac{25}{9}\\b^2=\dfrac{1}{9}\cdot16=\dfrac{16}{9}\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=\dfrac{5}{3};b=\dfrac{4}{3}\\a=\dfrac{-5}{3};b=-\dfrac{4}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)

Vậy \(\left(a;b\right)\in\left\{\left(\dfrac{5}{3};\dfrac{4}{3}\right);\left(-\dfrac{5}{3};-\dfrac{4}{3}\right)\right\}\)

b) \(\dfrac{a}{2}=\dfrac{b}{3}=\dfrac{c}{4}\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^2}{4}=\dfrac{b^2}{9}=\dfrac{c^2}{16}\)

Áp dụng tính chất DTSBN :

\(\dfrac{a^2}{4}=\dfrac{b^2}{9}=\dfrac{c^2}{16}=\dfrac{2c^2}{32}=\dfrac{a^2-b^2+2c^2}{4-9+32}=\dfrac{108}{27}=4\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a^2=4.4=16\\b^2=4.9=36\\c^2=4,16=64\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=4;=6;c=8\\a=-4;b=-6;c=-8\end{matrix}\right.\)

Vậy (a;b;c) \(\in\left\{\left(4;6;8\right);\left(-4;-6;-8\right)\right\}\)

B

YRGFGYSTHRBHFYSVGSYG

\(a,\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{c}{b}\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^2}{c^2}=\dfrac{c^2}{b^2}=\dfrac{a^2+c^2}{b^2+c^2}\left(1\right)\)

Mà \(\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{c}{b}\Leftrightarrow ab=c^2\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c^2}{b^2}\left(2\right)\)

Từ \(\left(1\right)\left(2\right)\tođpcm\)

\(b,\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{c}{b}\Leftrightarrow ab=c^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{b^2-a^2}{a^2+c^2}=\dfrac{\left(b-a\right)\left(b+a\right)}{a^2+ab}=\dfrac{\left(b-a\right)\left(b+a\right)}{a\left(a+b\right)}=\dfrac{b-a}{a}\left(đpcm\right)\)

10. a) Ta có : (a + b)2 + (a – b)2 = 2(a2 + b2). Do (a – b)\(^2\) ≥ 0, nên (a + b)\(^2\) ≤ 2(a2 + b2).

b) Xét : (a + b + c)\(^2\) + (a – b)\(^2\) + (a – c)\(^2\) + (b – c)\(^2\)

. Khai triển và rút gọn, ta được : 3(a\(^2\) + b\(^2\) + c\(^2\)).

Vậy : (a + b + c)\(^2\) ≤  3( a\(^2\) + b\(^2\) + c\(^2\)).

Cách khác : Biến đổi tương đương

a, \(\left(a+b\right)^2\le2\left(a^2+b^2\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+2ab+b^2\le2a^2+2b^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a^2-2ab+b^2\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\)luôn đúng

b, \(\left(a+b+c\right)^2\le3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2ac+2bc\le3a^2+3b^2+3c^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2bc-2ca\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2\ge0\)(Luôn đúng)

\(\dfrac{a^2+b^2}{b^2+c^2}=\dfrac{a^2+ac}{ac+c^2}=\dfrac{a\left(a+c\right)}{c\left(a+c\right)}=\dfrac{a}{c}\left(đpcm\right)\)

Thay b² = ac vào biểu thức trên, ta có:

\(\dfrac{a^2+ac}{ac+c^2}=\dfrac{a\left(a+c\right)}{c\left(a+c\right)}=\dfrac{a}{c}\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^2+b^2}{b^2+c^2}=\dfrac{a}{c}\)