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ÁP dụng BĐT AM-Gm  ta có: 

\(Σ\frac{a^2}{\left(ab+2\right)\left(2ab+1\right)}\ge\frac{4}{9}\cdotΣ\frac{a^2}{\left(ab+1\right)^2}\)

ĐẶt \(a=\frac{x}{y};b=\frac{y}{z};c=\frac{z}{x}\) thì cần cm

\(Σ\frac{a^2}{\left(ab+1\right)^2}=Σ\left(\frac{xz}{y\left(x+z\right)}\right)^2\ge\frac{3}{4}\)

\(Σ\left(\frac{xz}{y\left(x+z\right)}\right)^2\ge\frac{1}{3}\left(\frac{xz}{y\left(x+z\right)}\right)^2\)

Theo C-S \(Σ\frac{xz}{y\left(x+z\right)}=\frac{\left(xz\right)^2}{xyz\left(x+z\right)}\ge\frac{\left(Σxy\right)^2}{2xy\left(Σx\right)}\ge\frac{3}{2}\)

\(\frac{1}{3}\cdot\left(Σ\frac{xz}{y\left(x+z\right)}\right)^2\ge\frac{1}{3}\cdot\frac{9}{4}=\frac{3}{4}\)

Đúng hay ta có ĐPCM xyar ra khi a=b=c=1

\(P=\frac{bc}{2ab+ac}+\frac{ca}{2ab+bc}+\frac{4ab}{bc+ca}\)

Xét \(Q=P+3=\frac{bc}{2ab+ac}+1+\frac{ca}{2ab+bc}+1+\frac{4ab}{bc+ca}+1\)

\(Q=\frac{2ab+ac+bc}{2ab+ac}+\frac{2ab+ac+bc}{2ab+bc}+\frac{4ab+bc+ca}{bc+ca}\)

\(=\left(2ab+ac+bc\right)\left(\frac{1}{2ab+ac}+\frac{1}{2ab+bc}\right)+\frac{4ab+bc+ca}{bc+ca}\)

\(\ge\left(2ab+ac+bc\right)\frac{4}{4ab+ac+bc}+\frac{4ab+bc+ca}{bc+ca}=K\)(Áp dụng BĐT \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\ge\frac{4}{a+b}\)với a, b không âm)

\(K=\frac{2\left(4ab+ac+bc\right)+2\left(ac+bc\right)}{4ab+ac+bc}+\frac{2\left(4ab+bc+ca\right)}{9\left(ac+bc\right)}\)\(+\frac{7\left(4ab+bc+ca\right)}{9\left(ac+bc\right)}\)

\(=2+\left[\frac{2\left(ac+bc\right)}{4ab+ac+bc}+\frac{2\left(4ab+bc+ca\right)}{9\left(ac+bc\right)}\right]+\frac{7}{9}+\frac{7}{9}.\frac{4ab}{ac+bc}\)

\(\ge2+2\sqrt{\frac{2\left(ac+bc\right)}{4ab+ac+bc}.\frac{2\left(4ab+bc+ca\right)}{9\left(ac+bc\right)}}+\frac{7}{9}+\frac{7}{9}.\frac{4ab}{ac+bc}\)(Áp dụng BĐT Cô - si cho 2 số không âm)

\(=\frac{37}{9}+\frac{7}{9}.\frac{4ab}{ac+bc}\)

Mặt khác: \(6=2\left(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}\right)+c\left(\frac{a}{b^2}+\frac{b}{a^2}\right)=\frac{2\left(a^2+b^2\right)}{ab}+\frac{c\left(a^3+b^3\right)}{a^2b^2}\)

\(=\frac{2\left(a^2+b^2\right)}{ab}+\frac{c\left(a+b\right)\left(a^2-ab+b^2\right)}{a^2b^2}\)\(\ge\frac{2.2ab}{ab}+\frac{c\left(a+b\right)\left(2ab-ab\right)}{a^2b^2}=4+\frac{ac+bc}{ab}\)(theo BĐT \(a^2+b^2\ge2ab\))

\(\Rightarrow\frac{ac+bc}{ab}\le2\Leftrightarrow\frac{ab}{ac+bc}\ge\frac{1}{2}\)

\(\Rightarrow K\ge\frac{37}{9}+\frac{7}{9}.\frac{4ab}{ac+bc}\ge\frac{37}{9}+\frac{7}{9}.\frac{4}{2}=\frac{17}{3}\)

Ta có \(Q=P+3\ge K\ge\frac{17}{3}\Rightarrow P\ge\frac{17}{3}-3=\frac{8}{3}\)

Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(\hept{\begin{cases}2ab+ac=2ab+bc\\\frac{2\left(ac+bc\right)}{4ab+ac+bc}=\frac{2\left(4ab+bc+ca\right)}{9\left(ac+bc\right)}\\a=b\end{cases}}\)\(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)

Từ \(2\left(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}\right)+c\left(\frac{a}{b^2}+\frac{b}{a^2}\right)=6\Rightarrow6=\frac{c\left(a+b\right)\left(a^2-ab+b^2\right)}{a^2b^2}+\frac{2\left(a^2+b^2\right)}{ab}\)

ta có \(a^2+b^2\ge2ab\Rightarrow6=\frac{c\left(a+b\right)\left(a^2-ab+b^2\right)}{a^2b^2}+\frac{2\left(a^2+b^2\right)}{ab}\ge\frac{c\left(a+b\right)}{ab}+4\)

\(\Rightarrow0< \frac{c\left(a+b\right)}{ab}\le2\)

Lại có 

\(\frac{bc}{a\left(2b+c\right)}+\frac{ac}{b\left(2a+c\right)}=\frac{\left(bc\right)^2}{abc\left(2b+c\right)}+\frac{\left(ac\right)^2}{abc\left(2a+c\right)}\ge\frac{\left(bc+ac\right)^2}{2abc\left(a+b+c\right)}\)\(=\frac{\left[c\left(a+b\right)\right]^2}{2abc\left(a+b+c\right)}\)

và \(abc\left(a+b+c\right)=ab\cdot bc+bc\cdot ba+ab\cdot ca\le\frac{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2}{3}\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{bc}{a\left(2b+c\right)}+\frac{ac}{b\left(2a+c\right)}\ge\frac{3}{2}\left(\frac{c\left(a+b\right)}{ab+bc+ca}\right)^2=\frac{3}{2}\left(\frac{\frac{c\left(a+b\right)}{ab}}{1+\frac{c\left(a+b\right)}{ab}}\right)^2\)

Đặt \(t=\frac{c\left(a+b\right)}{ab}\Rightarrow P\ge\frac{3t^2}{2\left(1+t\right)^2}+\frac{4}{t}\left(0< t\le2\right)\)

Có \(\frac{3t^2}{2\left(1+t\right)^2}+\frac{4}{t}=\left(\frac{3t^2}{\left(1+t\right)^2}+\frac{4}{t}-\frac{8}{3}\right)+\frac{8}{3}=\frac{-7t^2-8t^2+32t+24}{6t\left(1+t\right)^2}+\frac{8}{3}\)

\(=\frac{\left(t-2\right)\left(-7t^2-22t-12\right)}{6t\left(1+t\right)^2}\ge0\forall t\in(0;2]\)

=> \(\frac{\left(t-2\right)\left(-7t^2-22t-12\right)}{6t\left(1+t\right)^2}+\frac{8}{3}\ge\frac{8}{3}\forall t\in(0;2]\frac{1}{2}\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> t=2 hay a=b=c

\(K=\frac{a^2}{c\left(a^2+c^2\right)}+\frac{b^2}{a\left(a^2+b^2\right)}+\frac{c^2}{b\left(b^2+c^2\right)}\left(a,b,c>0\right)\).

Ta có:

\(\frac{a^2}{c\left(a^2+c^2\right)}=\frac{\left(a^2+c^2\right)-c^2}{c\left(a^2+c^2\right)}=\frac{a^2+c^2}{c\left(a^2+c^2\right)}-\frac{c^2}{c\left(a^2+c^2\right)}\)\(=\frac{1}{c}-\frac{c^2}{c\left(a^2+c^2\right)}\).

Vì \(a,c>0\)nên áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cô-si cho 2 số dương, ta được:

\(a^2+c^2\ge2ac\).

\(\Leftrightarrow c\left(a^2+c^2\right)\ge2ac^2\).

\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{c\left(a^2+c^2\right)}\le\frac{1}{2ac^2}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{c^2}{c\left(a^2+c^2\right)}\le\frac{c^2}{2ac^2}=\frac{1}{2a}\).

\(\Leftrightarrow-\frac{c^2}{c\left(a^2+c^2\right)}\ge-\frac{1}{2a}\).

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{c}-\frac{c^2}{c\left(a^2+c^2\right)}\ge\frac{1}{c}-\frac{1}{2a}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a^2}{c\left(a^2+c^2\right)}\ge\frac{1}{c}-\frac{1}{2a}\left(1\right)\)

Dấu bằng xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=c>0\) .

Chứng minh tương tự, ta được:

\(\frac{b^2}{a\left(a^2+b^2\right)}\ge\frac{1}{a}-\frac{1}{2b}\left(a,b>0\right)\left(2\right)\) 

Dấu bằng xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b>0\)

Chứng minh tương tự, ta dược:

\(\frac{c^2}{b\left(b^2+c^2\right)}\ge\frac{1}{b}-\frac{1}{2c}\left(b,c>0\right)\left(3\right)\).

Dấu bằng xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow b=c>0\).

Từ \(\left(1\right),\left(2\right),\left(3\right)\), ta được:

\(\frac{a^2}{c\left(a^2+c^2\right)}+\frac{b^2}{a\left(a^2+b^2\right)}+\frac{c^2}{b\left(b^2+c^2\right)}\ge\)\(\frac{1}{c}-\frac{1}{2a}+\frac{1}{a}-\frac{1}{2b}+\frac{1}{b}-\frac{1}{2c}\).

\(\Leftrightarrow K\ge\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)-\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\).

\(\Leftrightarrow K\ge\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\).

\(\Leftrightarrow K\ge\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{ab+bc+ca}{abc}\right)\).

Mà \(ab+bc+ca=3abc\)(theo đề bài).

Do đó \(K\ge\frac{1}{2}.\frac{3abc}{abc}\).

\(\Leftrightarrow K\ge\frac{3abc}{2abc}\).

\(\Leftrightarrow K\ge\frac{3}{2}\).

Dấu bằng xảy ra.

\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a=b=c>0\\ab+bc+ca=3abc\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=1\).

Vậy \(minK=\frac{3}{2}\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=1\).

Ta có: \(P=\Sigma\frac{\left(\frac{1}{c^2}\right)}{\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\right)}\ge\frac{\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)^2}{2\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)}=\frac{\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}}{2}\ge\frac{\left(\frac{9}{a+b+c}\right)}{2}=\frac{3}{2}\)

Đẳng thức xảy ra khi a =b =c = 1.

True?

Ta có : 

\(P=\frac{ab}{c^2\left(a+b\right)}+\frac{ac}{b^2\left(a+c\right)}+\frac{bc}{a^2\left(b+c\right)}\)

\(\Rightarrow P=\frac{\left(\frac{1}{c}\right)^2}{\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}}+\frac{\left(\frac{1}{b}\right)^2}{\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{a}}+\frac{\left(\frac{1}{a}\right)^2}{\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{b}}\)

\(\Rightarrow P\ge\frac{\left(\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)^2}{\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{b}}\)

\(\Rightarrow P\ge\frac{\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)^2}{2\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)}\)

\(\Rightarrow P\ge\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow P\ge\frac{1}{2}.\frac{9}{a+b+c}\)

\(\Rightarrow P\ge\frac{3}{2}\)

Dấu = xảy ra khi  a=b=c=1 

Bài 3)

BĐT cần chứng minh tương đương với:

\(\left ( \frac{a}{a+b} \right )^2+\left ( \frac{b}{b+c} \right )^2+\left ( \frac{c}{c+a} \right )^2\geq \frac{1}{2}\left ( 3-\frac{a}{a+b}-\frac{b}{b+c}-\frac{c}{c+a} \right )\)

Để cho gọn, đặt \((x,y,z)=\left (\frac{b}{a},\frac{c}{b},\frac{a}{c}\right)\) \(\Rightarrow xyz=1\).

BĐT được viết lại như sau:

\(A=2\left [ \frac{1}{(x+1)^2}+\frac{1}{(y+1)^2}+\frac{1}{(z+1)^2} \right ]+\frac{1}{x+1}+\frac{1}{y+1}+\frac{1}{z+1}\geq 3\) \((\star)\)

Ta nhớ đến hai bổ đề khá quen thuộc sau:

Bổ đề 1: Với \(a,b>0\) thì \(\frac{1}{(a+1)^2}+\frac{1}{(b+1)^2}\geq \frac{1}{ab+1}\)

Cách CM rất đơn giản, Cauchy - Schwarz:

\((a+1)^2\leq (a+b)(a+\frac{1}{b})\Rightarrow \frac{1}{(a+1)^2}\geq \frac{b}{(a+b)(ab+1)}\)

Tương tự với biểu thức còn lại và cộng vào thu được đpcm

Bổ đề 2: Với \(x,y>0,xy\geq 1\) thì \(\frac{1}{x^2+1}+\frac{1}{y^2+1}\geq \frac{2}{xy+1}\)

Cách CM: Quy đồng ta có đpcm.

Do tính hoán vị nên không mất tổng quát giả sử \(z=\min (x,y,z)\)

\(\Rightarrow xy\geq 1\). Áp dụng hai bổ đề trên:

\(A\geq 2\left [ \frac{1}{xy+1}+\frac{1}{(z+1)^2} \right ]+\frac{2}{\sqrt{xy}+1}+\frac{1}{z+1}=2\left [ \frac{z}{z+1}+\frac{1}{(z+1)^2} \right ]+\frac{2\sqrt{z}}{\sqrt{z}+1}+\frac{1}{z+1}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow A\geq \frac{2(z^2+z+1)}{(z+1)^2}+\frac{1}{z+1}+2-\frac{2}{\sqrt{z}+1}\geq 3\)

\(\Leftrightarrow 2\left [ \frac{z^2+z+1}{(z+1)^2}-\frac{3}{4} \right ]+\frac{1}{z+1}-\frac{1}{2}-\left ( \frac{2}{\sqrt{z}+1}-1 \right )\geq 0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow \frac{(z-1)^2}{2(z+1)^2}-\frac{z-1}{2(z+1)}+\frac{z-1}{(\sqrt{z}+1)^2}\geq 0\Leftrightarrow (z-1)\left [ \frac{1}{(\sqrt{z}+1)^2}-\frac{1}{(z+1)^2} \right ]\geq 0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow \frac{\sqrt{z}(\sqrt{z}-1)^2(\sqrt{z}+1)(z+\sqrt{z}+2)}{(\sqrt{z}+1)^2(z+1)^2}\geq 0\) ( luôn đúng với mọi \(z>0\) )

Do đó \((\star)\) được cm. Bài toán hoàn tất.

Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)

P/s: Nghỉ tuyển lâu rồi giờ mới gặp mấy bài BĐT phải động não. Khuya rồi nên xin phép làm bài 3 trước. Hai bài kia xin khiếu. Nếu làm đc chắc tối mai sẽ post.

Bài 1:

Cho \(a=b=c=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\). Khi đó \(M=\sqrt{3}-2\)

Ta sẽ chứng minh nó là giá trị nhỏ nhất

Thật vậy, đặt c là giá trị nhỏ nhất của a,b,c. Khi đó, ta cần chứng minh

\(\frac{a^2}{b}+\frac{b^2}{c}+\frac{c^2}{a}-\frac{2(a^2+b^2+c^2)}{\sqrt{ab+ac+bc}}\geq(\sqrt3-2)\sqrt{ab+ac+bc}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{ab+ac+bc}\left(\frac{a^2}{b}+\frac{b^2}{c}+\frac{c^2}{a}-\sqrt{3(ab+ac+bc)}\right)\geq2(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-ac-bc)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a^2}{b}+\frac{b^2}{a}-a-b+\frac{b^2}{c}+\frac{c^2}{a}-\frac{b^2}{a}-c+a+b+c-\sqrt{3(ab+ac+bc)}\geq\)

\(\geq2((a-b)^2+(c-a)(c-b))\)

\(\Leftrightarrow(a-b)^2\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}-2\right)+(c-a)(c-b)\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{b}{ac}-2\right)+a+b+c-\sqrt{3(ab+ac+bc)}\geq0\)

Đúng bởi \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}-2>0;\frac{1}{a}+\frac{b}{ac}-2\geq\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{a}-2>0\) và

\(a+b+c-\sqrt{3(ab+ac+bc)}=\frac{(a-b)^2+(c-a)(c-b)}{a+b+c+\sqrt{3(ab+ac+bc)}}\geq0\)

BĐT đã được c/m. Vậy \(M_{Min}=\sqrt{3}-2\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\)

P/s: Nhìn qua thấy ngon mà làm mới thấy thật sự là "choáng"