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Áp dụng BĐT Cosi:
\(\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{b^2+ab}}=\dfrac{a\sqrt{2}}{\sqrt{2\left(b^2+ab\right)}}=\dfrac{a\sqrt{2}}{\sqrt{2b\left(a+b\right)}}\ge\dfrac{a\sqrt{2}}{\dfrac{2b+a+b}{2}}=\dfrac{2\sqrt{2}a}{a+3b}\)
Cmtt: \(\dfrac{b}{\sqrt{c^2+bc}}\ge\dfrac{2\sqrt{2}b}{b+3c};\dfrac{c}{\sqrt{a^2+ca}}\ge\dfrac{2\sqrt{2}c}{c+3a}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow P\ge2\sqrt{2}\left(\dfrac{a}{a+3b}+\dfrac{b}{b+3c}+\dfrac{c}{c+3a}\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{P}{\sqrt{2}}\ge2\left(\dfrac{a}{a+3b}+\dfrac{b}{b+3c}+\dfrac{c}{c+3a}\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{P}{\sqrt{2}}\ge\dfrac{2\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{a^2+b^2+c^2+3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\ge\dfrac{2\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{\left(a+b+c\right)^2+\dfrac{1}{3}\left(a+b+c\right)^2}\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{P}{\sqrt{2}}\ge\dfrac{2}{\dfrac{4}{3}}=\dfrac{3}{2}\\ \Leftrightarrow P\ge\dfrac{3\sqrt{2}}{2}\)
Dấu \("="\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)
\(\sum\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{ab+b^2}}=\sum\dfrac{a\sqrt{2}}{\sqrt{2b\left(a+b\right)}}\ge\sum\dfrac{2\sqrt{2}a}{2b+a+b}=2\sqrt{2}\sum\dfrac{a}{a+3b}\)
\(=2\sqrt{2}\sum\dfrac{a^2}{a^2+3ab}\ge\dfrac{2\sqrt{2}\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{a^2+b^2+c^2+3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{2\sqrt{2}\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{\left(a+b+c\right)^2+ab+bc+ca}\ge\dfrac{2\sqrt{2}\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{\left(a+b+c\right)^2+\dfrac{1}{3}\left(a+b+c\right)^2}=\dfrac{3\sqrt{2}}{2}\)
Đặt đẳng thức là A. Áp dụng bất đẳng thức AM-GM ta có:
\(\sqrt{2b\left(a-b\right)}\le\frac{2b+\left(a+b\right)}{2}=\frac{a+3b}{2}\)
Từ đó: \(A\ge\frac{2a\sqrt{2}}{a+3b}+\frac{2b\sqrt{2}}{b+3c}+\frac{2c\sqrt{2}}{c+3a}\)
Ta sẽ chứng minh: \(M=\frac{a}{a+3b}+\frac{b}{b+3c}+\frac{c}{c+3a}\ge\frac{3}{4}\)
Thật vậy, ta có: \(M=\frac{a^2}{a^2+3ab}+\frac{b^2}{b^2+3bc}+\frac{c^2}{c^2+3ca}\)
Theo BĐT AM-GM ta có:
\(ab+bc+ca\le a^2+b^2+c^2\)
Áp dụng BĐT cauchy ta được:
\(M\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{\frac{4}{3}\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+\frac{8}{3}\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\)\(=\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{\frac{4}{3}\left(a+b+c\right)^2}=\frac{3}{4}\)
Vì vậy: \(\frac{a}{a+3b}+\frac{b}{b+3c}+\frac{c}{c+3a}\ge\frac{3}{4}\)
Từ đó ta có: \(A\ge\frac{2a\sqrt{2}}{a+3b}+\frac{2b\sqrt{2}}{b+3c}+\frac{2c\sqrt{2}}{c+3a}\ge2\sqrt{2}.\frac{3}{4}=\frac{3\sqrt{2}}{2}\)
Vậy đẳng thức xảy xa khi và chỉ khi a=b=c
Áp dụng bđt cosi schwart ta có:
`VT>=(a+b+c)^2/(a+b+c+sqrt{ab}+sqrt{bc}+sqrt{ca})`
Dễ thấy `sqrt{ab}+sqrt{bc}+sqrt{ca}<a+b+c`
`=>VT>=(a+b+c)^2/(2(a+b+c))=(a+b+c)/2=3`
Dấu "=" `<=>a=b=c=1.`
Ta thấy: \(\frac{a^2}{b}-2a+b=\frac{\left(a-b\right)^2}{b}\)
\(\sqrt{a^2-ab+b^2}-\frac{a+b}{2}=\frac{a^2-ab+b^2-\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{b}}{\sqrt{a^2-ab+b^2}+\frac{a+b}{2}}=\frac{3\left(a-b\right)^2}{4\sqrt{a^2-ab+b^2}+2a+2b}\)
Bất đẳng thức tương đương với:
\(\frac{\left(a-b\right)^2}{b}+\frac{\left(b-c\right)^2}{c}+\frac{\left(c-a\right)^2}{c}\ge\)
\(\frac{3\left(a-b\right)^2}{4\sqrt{a^2+b^2-2ab}+2\left(a+b\right)}+\frac{3\left(b-c\right)^2}{4\sqrt{b^2+c^2-bc}+2\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{3\left(c-a\right)^2}{b\sqrt{c^2+a^2-ca}+2\left(c+a\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2\left[\frac{1}{b}-\frac{3}{4\sqrt{a^2+b^2-2ab}+2\left(a+b\right)}\right]+\left(b-c\right)^2\left[\frac{1}{c}-\frac{3}{4\sqrt{b^2+c^2-2bc}+2\left(b+c\right)}\right]\)
\(+\left(c-a\right)^2\left[\frac{1}{c}-\frac{3}{4\sqrt{c^2+a^2-ca}+2\left(c+a\right)}\right]\ge0\)
Ta đặt:
\(A=\frac{1}{b}-\frac{3}{4\sqrt{a^2+b^2-2ab}+2\left(a+b\right)}\)
\(B=\frac{1}{c}-\frac{3}{4\sqrt{b^2+c^2-2bc}+2\left(b+c\right)}\)
\(C=\frac{1}{c}-\frac{3}{4\sqrt{c^2+a^2-ca}+2\left(c+a\right)}\)
Chứng mình sẽ hoàn tất nếu ta chứng minh được A,B,C\(\ge0\), vậy:
\(A=\frac{1}{b}-\frac{3}{4\sqrt{a^2+b^2-2ab}+2\left(a+b\right)}=\frac{4\sqrt{a^2+b^2-2ab}+2a+b}{4\sqrt{a^2+b^2-2ab}+2\left(a+b\right)}\ge0\)
\(B=\frac{1}{c}-\frac{3}{4\sqrt{b^2+c^2-2bc}+2\left(b+c\right)}=\frac{4\sqrt{b^2+c^2-2bc}+2b+c}{4\sqrt{b^2+c^2-2bc}+2\left(b+c\right)}\ge0\)
\(C=\frac{1}{c}-\frac{3}{4\sqrt{c^2+a^2-ca}+2\left(c+a\right)}=\frac{4\sqrt{c^2+a^2-ca}+2c+a}{4\sqrt{c^2+a^2-ca}+2\left(c+a\right)}\ge0\)
Vậy biểu thức đã được chứng mình.