-Tham khảo:

https://hoc24.vn/cau-hoi/cho-abc-la-cac-so-thoa-man-2018le-abcle2019-tim-gtln-cua-bieu-thuc-plefta-bright2000leftb-cright2000leftc-aright.253535226325

Dễ dàng chứng minh được: 

\(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\ge\frac{4}{x+y}\)với \(x,y>0\)(1)

Dấu bằng xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow x=y>0\)

Ta có:

\(\frac{a}{bc\left(a+1\right)}=\frac{a}{abc+bc}=\frac{a}{ab+bc+ca+bc}=\frac{a}{\left(ab+bc\right)+\left(bc+ca\right)}\)

Áp dụng (1), ta được:

\(\frac{1}{ab+bc}+\frac{1}{bc+ca}\ge\frac{4}{\left(ab+bc\right)+\left(bc+ca\right)}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{4\left(ab+bc\right)}+\frac{1}{4\left(bc+ca\right)}\ge\frac{1}{ab+bc+bc+ca}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a}{4}\left(\frac{1}{ab+bc}+\frac{1}{bc+ca}\right)\ge\frac{a}{ab+bc+bc+ca}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a}{4}\left(\frac{1}{ab+bc}+\frac{1}{bc+ca}\right)\ge\frac{a}{bc\left(a+1\right)}\left(2\right)\)

Dấu bằng xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow b=c>0\)

Chúng minh tương tự, ta được:

\(\frac{b}{4}\left(\frac{1}{ab+ca}+\frac{1}{bc+ca}\right)\ge\frac{b}{ca\left(b+1\right)}\left(3\right)\)

Dấu bằng xảu ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=c>0\).

\(\frac{c}{4}\left(\frac{1}{ac+ab}+\frac{1}{ab+bc}\right)\ge\frac{c}{ab\left(c+1\right)}\left(4\right)\)

Từ (2), (3) và (4), ta được:

\(\frac{a}{bc\left(a+1\right)}+\frac{b}{ca\left(b+1\right)}+\frac{c}{ab\left(c+1\right)}\le\)\(\frac{a}{4}\left(\frac{1}{ab+bc}+\frac{1}{bc+ac}\right)+\frac{b}{4}\left(\frac{1}{ac+bc}+\frac{1}{ac+ab}\right)\)\(+\frac{c}{4}\left(\frac{1}{ab+bc}+\frac{1}{ab+ac}\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow P\le\frac{1}{4}.\left(\frac{a}{ab+bc}+\frac{c}{ab+bc}\right)+\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{a}{bc+ac}+\frac{b}{bc+ac}\right)\)\(+\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{b}{ab+ac}+\frac{c}{ab+ac}\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow P\le\frac{a+c}{4\left(ab+bc\right)}+\frac{a+b}{4\left(bc+ac\right)}+\frac{b+c}{4\left(ab+ac\right)}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow P\le\frac{a+c}{4b\left(a+c\right)}+\frac{a+b}{4c\left(a+b\right)}+\frac{b+c}{4a\left(b+c\right)}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow P\le\frac{1}{4b}+\frac{1}{4c}+\frac{1}{4a}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow P\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{ab+bc+ca}{abc}\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow P\le\frac{1}{4}.\frac{abc}{abc}=\frac{1}{4}.1=\frac{1}{4}\)( vì \(ab+bc+ca=abc\))

Dấu bằng xảy ra

\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a=b=c>0\\ab+bc+ca=abc\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=3\)

Vậy \(minP=\frac{1}{4}\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=3\)

làm cái đề ra ấy, ngại viết lại đề :P

\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca\right)=4\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)-4\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)-2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a=b\\b=c\\c=a\end{cases}}\)

\(\Rightarrow M=1^{2018}+1^{2019}+1^{2020}=1+1+1=3\)

oh no bài thứ nhất là dạng chứng minh cs đúng ko ,

ko thể nào là dạng tìm a,b,c đc-.-

nó là 1 bài mà

1/\(=4a^2+4b^2+c^2+8ab-4bc-4ca+4b^2+4c^2+a^2+8bc-4ca-4ab+4a^2+4c^2+b^2+8ca-4bc-4ab=\)

\(=9a^2+9b^2+9c^2=9\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\)

2/

Ta có

\(\left(a+b+c\right)^2=a^2+b^2+c^2+2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2\ge-2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)=2\)

\(\Rightarrow P=9\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\ge18\)

\(\Rightarrow P_{min}=18\)

Ta có: \(a^2+1=a^2+ab+bc+ca=\left(a+b\right)\left(c+a\right)\)

Tương tự: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}b^2+1=\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\\c^2+1=\left(c+a\right)\left(b+c\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

=> \(\left(a^2+1\right)\left(b^2+1\right)\left(c^2+1\right)=\left[\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)\right]^2\)

Mặt khác: \(a+b+c-abc=a\left(1-bc\right)+b+c\)

                \(=a\left(ab+ca\right)+b+c\)     (Vì ab+bc+ca=1)

               \(=\left(a^2+1\right)\left(b+c\right)\)

               \(=\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)\)    (Vì \(a^2+1=\left(a+b\right)\left(c+a\right)\))

\(T=1\)

\(\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)=1\)

=> \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=\frac{1}{a+b+c}\)

=> \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}=\frac{1}{a+b+c}-\frac{1}{c}\)

=> \(\frac{a+b}{ab}=\frac{-\left(a+b\right)}{\left(a+b+c\right).c}\)

Khi a + b = 0

=> (a + b)(b + c)(c + a) = 0 (2)

Nếu a + b \(\ne0\)

=> ab = -(a + b + c).c

=> ab + (a + b + c).c = 0

=> ab + ac + bc + c² = 0

=> (a + c)(b + c) = 0

=> (a + b)(b + c)(a + c) = 0 (1)

Từ (2)(1) => (a + b)(b + c)(a + c) = 0 \(\forall a;b;c\)

=> a = -b hoặc b = -c hoặc = c = -a

Nếu a = -b => a¹¹ = -b¹¹ => a¹¹ + b¹¹ = 0

=> P = 0 (3)

Nếu b = -c => b⁹ = - c⁹ => b⁹ + c⁹ = 0

=>P = 0 (4)

Nếu c = -a => c²⁰⁰¹ = -a²⁰⁰¹ => c²⁰⁰¹ + a²⁰⁰¹ = 0

=> P = 0 (5)

Từ (3);(4);(5) => P = 0 trong cả 3 trường hợp 

Vạy P = 0

Xyz là ad ak?

Ta có: \(3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)=\left(a+b+c\right)^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2bc+2ac=3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2ab+2bc+2ac=2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2bc-2ca=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)+\left(b^2-2bc+c^2\right)+\left(c^2-2ca+a^2\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2=0\)(1)

Mà \(\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2\ge0\forall a,b,c\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(1\right)\)xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a-b=0\\b-c=0\\c-a=0\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a=b\\b=c\\c=a\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)

\(\Rightarrow M=ab+bc+ca-\left(a+b+c\right)+1=3a^2-3a+1\)

\(=\left(\sqrt{3}a\right)^2-2.\sqrt{3}a.\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}+\frac{3}{4}+\frac{1}{4}\)

\(=\left(\sqrt{3}a-\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\right)^2+\frac{1}{4}\ge\frac{1}{4}\)

(Dấu "=" \(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{3}a-\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}=0\Leftrightarrow a=\frac{1}{2}\)

hay \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{2}\)

Vậy \(M_{min}=\frac{1}{4}\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=\frac{1}{2}\)

giả thiết \(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2=0\) (biến đổi tương đương)

Thay xuống: \(M=3a^2-3a+1=3\left(a-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\frac{1}{4}\ge\frac{1}{4}\)

Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(a=\frac{1}{2}\)

P/s; hướng làm là đưa về 1 biến như vậy đó, khi tính toán có thể có sai số, bạn tự check lại.