Ta có a + b + c = 6

=> (a + b + c)² = 36

=> a² + b² + c² + 2ab + 2bc + 2ca = 36

=> 12 + 2ab + 2bc + 2ca = 36

=> 2ab + 2bc + 2ca = 24

=> ab + bc + ca = 12 

Khi đó a² + b² + c² = ab + bc + ca (= 12)

<=> 2a² + 2b² + 2c² = 2ab + 2bc + 2ca 

<=>  2a² + 2b² + 2c² - 2ab - 2bc - 2ca = 0 

<=> (a² - 2ab + b²) + (b² - 2bc + c²) + (c² - 2ca + a²) = 0

<=> (a - b)² + (b - c)² + (c - a)² = 0

<=> \(\hept{\begin{cases}a-b=0\\b-c=0\\c-a=0\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)

=> a = b = c = 2 

Khi đó A = (2 - 3)²⁰²¹ + (2 - 3)²⁰²¹ + (2 - 3)²⁰²¹

= -1 + (-1) + (-1) 

= -3

Bài làm:

Ta có: \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=\frac{1}{a+b+c}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{ab+bc+ca}{abc}=\frac{1}{a+b+c}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\left(a+b+c\right)=abc\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a^2b+ab^2+c^2a+ca^2+b^2c+bc^2+2abc=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2+2ab+b^2\right)c+ab\left(a+b\right)+c^2\left(a+b\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)\left(ab+bc+ca+c^2\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)=0\)

=> Hoặc a+b=0 hoặc b+c=0 hoặc c+a=0

=> Hoặc a=-b hoặc b=-c hoặc c=-a

Ko mất tổng quát, g/s a=-b

a) Ta có: vì a=-b thay vào ta được:

\(\frac{1}{a^3}+\frac{1}{b^3}+\frac{1}{c^3}=-\frac{1}{b^3}+\frac{1}{b^3}+\frac{1}{c^3}=\frac{1}{c^3}\)

\(\frac{1}{a^3+b^3+c^3}=\frac{1}{-b^3+b^3+c^3}=\frac{1}{c^3}\)

=> đpcm

b) Ta có: \(a+b+c=1\Leftrightarrow-b+b+c=1\Rightarrow c=1\)

=> \(P=-\frac{1}{b^{2021}}+\frac{1}{b^{2021}}+\frac{1}{c^{2021}}=\frac{1}{1^{2021}}=1\)

Ta có: \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=\frac{1}{a+b+c}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{ab+bc+ca}{abc}=\frac{1}{a+b+c}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\left(a+b+c\right)=abc\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a^2b+ab^2+c^2a+ca^2+b^2c+bc^2+2abc=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2+2ab+b^2\right)c+ab\left(a+b\right)+c^2\left(a+b\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)\left(ab+bc+ca+c^2\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)=0\)

=> Hoặc a+b=0 hoặc b+c=0 hoặc c+a=0

=> Hoặc a=-b hoặc b=-c hoặc c=-a

Ko mất tổng quát, g/s a=-b

a) Ta có: vì a=-b thay vào ta được:

\(\frac{1}{a^3}+\frac{1}{b^3}+\frac{1}{c^3}=-\frac{1}{b^3}+\frac{1}{b^3}+\frac{1}{c^3}=\frac{1}{c^3}\)

\(\frac{1}{a^3+b^3+c^3}=\frac{1}{-b^3+b^3+c^3}=\frac{1}{c^3}\)

=> đpcm

b) Ta có: \(a+b+c=1\Leftrightarrow-b+b+c=1\Rightarrow c=1\)

=> \(P=-\frac{1}{b^{2021}}+\frac{1}{b^{2021}}+\frac{1}{c^{2021}}=\frac{1}{1^{2021}}=1\)

Sửa lại đề: $\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=\frac{1}{2021}$.

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Lời giải:

\(\left\{\begin{matrix} a+b+c=2021\\ \frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=\frac{1}{2021}\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow \frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=\frac{1}{a+b+c}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow \frac{a+b}{ab}+\frac{a+b}{c(a+b+c)}=0\Leftrightarrow (a+b)(\frac{1}{ab}+\frac{1}{c(a+b+c)})=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow (a+b).\frac{c(a+b+c)+ab}{abc(a+b+c)}=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow (a+b).\frac{(c+a)(c+b)}{abc(a+b+c)}=0\Leftrightarrow (a+b)(b+c)(c+a)=0\)

$\Leftrightarrow (2021-c)(2021-a)(2021-b)=0$

Do đó ít nhất 1 trong 3 số $a,b,c$ có 1 số có giá trị bằng $2021$