đề sai rồi

Sửa đề: \(1< \dfrac{a}{a+b+c}+\dfrac{b}{a+b+d}+\dfrac{c}{a+c+d}+\dfrac{d}{b+c+d}< 2\)

Ta có : \(\dfrac{a}{a+b+c}>\dfrac{a}{a+b+c+d}\) (1)

\(\dfrac{b}{a+b+d}>\dfrac{b}{a+b+c+d}\) (2)

\(\dfrac{c}{a+c+d}>\dfrac{c}{a+b+c+d}\) (3)

\(\dfrac{d}{c+b+d}>\dfrac{d}{a+b+c+d}\) (4)

Từ (1)(2)(3)(4) =>\(\dfrac{a}{a+b+c}+\dfrac{b}{a+b+d}+\dfrac{c}{a+c+d}+\dfrac{d}{b+c+d}>\dfrac{a+b+c+d}{a+b+c+d}=1\)

Lại có:\(\dfrac{a}{a+b+c}< \dfrac{a+d}{a+b+c+d}\)(Vì a<a+b+c)

\(\dfrac{b}{a+b+d}< \dfrac{b+c}{a+b+c+d}\)(Vì b<a+b+d)

\(\dfrac{c}{a+c+d}< \dfrac{b+c}{a+b+c+d}\)(Vì c<c+a+d)

\(\dfrac{d}{b+c+d}< \dfrac{d+a}{a+b+c+d}\)(Vì d<d+b+c)

=>\(\dfrac{a}{a+b+c}+\dfrac{b}{a+b+d}+\dfrac{c}{a+c+d}+\dfrac{d}{b+c+d}< \dfrac{2\left(a+b+c+d\right)}{a+b+c+d}=2\\ \text{Vậy 1< ...< 2}\)

Bài 1:

\(P=(x+1)\left(1+\frac{1}{y}\right)+(y+1)\left(1+\frac{1}{x}\right)\)

\(=2+x+y+\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}+\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\)

Áp dụng BĐT Cô-si:

\(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}\geq 2\)

\(x+\frac{1}{2x}\geq 2\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}=\sqrt{2}\)

\(y+\frac{1}{2y}\geq 2\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}=\sqrt{2}\)

Áp dụng BĐT SVac-xơ kết hợp với Cô-si:

\(\frac{1}{2x}+\frac{1}{2y}\geq \frac{4}{2x+2y}=\frac{2}{x+y}\geq \frac{2}{\sqrt{2(x^2+y^2)}}=\frac{2}{\sqrt{2}}=\sqrt{2}\)

Cộng các BĐT trên :

\(\Rightarrow P\geq 2+2+\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{2}=4+3\sqrt{2}\)

Vậy \(P_{\min}=4+3\sqrt{2}\Leftrightarrow a=b=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\)

Bài 2:

Áp dụng BĐT Svac-xơ:

\(\frac{1}{a+3b}+\frac{1}{b+a+2c}\geq \frac{4}{2a+4b+2c}=\frac{2}{a+2b+c}\)

\(\frac{1}{b+3c}+\frac{1}{b+c+2a}\geq \frac{4}{2b+4c+2a}=\frac{2}{b+2c+a}\)

\(\frac{1}{c+3a}+\frac{1}{c+a+2b}\geq \frac{4}{2c+4a+2b}=\frac{2}{c+2a+b}\)

Cộng theo vế và rút gọn :

\(\Rightarrow \frac{1}{a+3b}+\frac{1}{b+3c}+\frac{1}{c+3a}\geq \frac{1}{2a+b+c}+\frac{1}{2b+c+a}+\frac{1}{2c+a+b}\) (đpcm)

Dấu bằng xảy ra khi $a=b=c$

Bài 1:ta có BĐt \(a^3+b^3\ge ab\left(a+b\right)\)vì nó tương đương với \(\left(a+b\right)\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\)(luôn đúng với a,b>0)

Áp dụng vào bài toán:

\(\dfrac{a^3+b^3}{2ab}+\dfrac{b^3+c^3}{2bc}+\dfrac{c^3+a^3}{2ac}\ge\dfrac{ab\left(a+b\right)}{2ab}+\dfrac{bc\left(b+c\right)}{2bc}+\dfrac{ca\left(c+a\right)}{2ac}=a+b+c\)dấu = xảy ra khi a=b=c

bài 2:

cần chứng minh \(\dfrac{a-b}{b+c}+\dfrac{b-c}{c+d}+\dfrac{c-d}{d+a}+\dfrac{d-a}{a+b}\ge0\)

hay \(\dfrac{a-b}{b+c}+1+\dfrac{b-c}{c+d}+1+\dfrac{c-d}{d+a}+1+\dfrac{d-a}{a+b}+1\ge4\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a+c}{b+c}+\dfrac{b+d}{c+d}+\dfrac{c+a}{d+a}+\dfrac{d+b}{a+b}\ge4\)

xét \(VT=\left(a+c\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{b+c}+\dfrac{1}{a+d}\right)+\left(b+d\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{c+d}+\dfrac{1}{a+b}\right)\)

Áp dụng BĐT cauchy dạng phân thức:

\(\dfrac{1}{b+c}+\dfrac{1}{a+d}\ge\dfrac{4}{a+b+c+d};\dfrac{1}{c+d}+\dfrac{1}{a+b}\ge\dfrac{4}{a+b+c+d}\)

do đó \(VT\ge\dfrac{4\left(a+c\right)}{a+b+c+d}+\dfrac{4\left(b+d\right)}{a+b+c+d}=4\)

dấu = xảy ra khi a=b=c=d

\(A=\dfrac{a^3}{b+c+d}+\dfrac{b^3}{a+c+d}+\dfrac{c^3}{a+b+d}+\dfrac{d^3}{a+b+c}\)

\(=\dfrac{a^4}{ab+ac+ad}+\dfrac{b^4}{ab+bc+bd}+\dfrac{c^4}{ac+bc+cd}+\dfrac{d^4}{ad+bd+cd}\)

\(\ge\dfrac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2+d^2\right)^2}{2\left(ab+ac+ad+bc+bd+cd\right)}\) (bđt Cauchy Shwarz dạng Engel)

Cần chứng minh \(\dfrac{a^2+b^2+c^2+d^2}{2\left(ab+ac+ad+bc+bd+cd\right)}\ge\dfrac{1}{3}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow3a^2+3b^2+3c^2+3d^2\ge2\left(ab+ac+ad+bc+bd+cd\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(a-c\right)^2+\left(a-d\right)^2+\left(b-d\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-d\right)^2\ge0\) *đúng*

Vậy ta có đpcm.

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi a = b = c = d

Theo tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau, đặt:

\(\dfrac{a}{A}=\dfrac{b}{B}=\dfrac{c}{C}=\dfrac{d}{D}=\dfrac{a+b+c+d}{A+B+C+D}=k>0\)

\(\Rightarrow a=kA;b=kB;c=kC;d=kD;a+b+c+d=k\left(A+B+C+D\right)\)

Do đó:

\(\sqrt{aA}+\sqrt{bB}+\sqrt{cC}+\sqrt{dD}=\sqrt{kA^2}+\sqrt{kB^2}+\sqrt{kC^2}+\sqrt{kD^2}\)

\(=\sqrt{k}\left(A+B+C+D\right)\) (1)

\(\sqrt{\left(a+b+c+d\right)\left(A+B+C+D\right)}=\sqrt{k\left(A+B+C+D\right)^2}=\sqrt{k}\left(A+B+C+D\right)\) (2)

Từ (1);(2) suy ra điều phải c/m