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\(\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2\ge0\) ; \(\forall a;b;c\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2\ge ab+bc+ca\)
\(\Rightarrow ab+bc+ca\le1\)
\(\Rightarrow P_{max}=1\) khi \(a=b=c\)
Lại có:
\(\left(a+b+c\right)^2\ge0\) ; \(\forall a;b;c\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ab+bc+ca\ge-\dfrac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{2}=-\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(P_{min}=-\dfrac{1}{2}\) khi \(a+b+c=0\)
\(\left(ad+bc\right)\left(a^2d^2+b^2c^2\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow a^3d^3+adb^2c^2+bca^2d^2+b^3c^3=0\)
\(\Rightarrow a^3d^3+abcd\left(bc+ad\right)+b^3c^3=0\)
\(\Rightarrow a^3d^3+abcd.0+b^3c^3=0\)
\(\Rightarrow a^3d^3+b^3c^3=0\)
Ta có:
\(a^2+b^2+c^2=ab+bc+ca\\ \Leftrightarrow2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2bc-2ca=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)+\left(b^2-2bc+c^2\right)+\left(c^2-2ca+a^2\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2=0\)
Mà \(\left(a-b\right)^2,\left(b-c\right)^2,\left(c-a\right)^2\ge0\Rightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2=\left(b-c\right)^2=\left(c-a\right)^2=0\\ \Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)
Lại có: \(a+b+c=3\Rightarrow a=b=c=1\)
\(\Rightarrow M=1^{2016}+1^{2015}+1^{2020}=1+1+1=3\)
\(9=3a^2+2b^2+2bc+2c^2=\left(a+b+c\right)^2+2a^2+b^2+c^2-2a\left(b+c\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow9\ge\left(a+b+c\right)^2+2a^2+\dfrac{1}{2}\left(b+c\right)^2-2a\left(b+c\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow9\ge\left(a+b+c\right)^2+\dfrac{1}{2}\left(2a-b-c\right)^2\ge\left(a+b+c\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow-3\le a+b+c\le3\)
\(T_{max}=3\) khi \(a=b=c=1\)
\(T_{min}=-3\) khi \(a=b=c=-1\)
Ta có :
\(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=0\Rightarrow\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}=-\frac{1}{c}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\right)^3=\left(-\frac{1}{c}\right)^3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{a^3}+\frac{1}{b^3}+3\frac{1}{a}.\frac{1}{b}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\right)=-\frac{1}{c^3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{a^3}+\frac{1}{b^3}+\frac{1}{c^3}=-3\frac{1}{a}\frac{1}{b}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{a^3}+\frac{1}{b^3}+\frac{1}{c^3}=-3\frac{1}{a}\frac{1}{b}\left(-\frac{1}{c}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{a^3}+\frac{1}{b^3}+\frac{1}{c^3}=3\frac{1}{abc}=\frac{3}{abc}\)
Ta lại có :
\(P=\frac{bc}{a^2}+\frac{ca}{b^2}+\frac{ab}{c^2}=\frac{abc}{a^3}+\frac{bca}{b^3}+\frac{cab}{c^3}\)
\(=abc\left(\frac{1}{a^3}+\frac{1}{b^3}+\frac{1}{c^3}\right)=abc.\frac{3}{abc}=3\)
\(\)
Bài làm:
Ta có: \(P=\frac{bc}{a^2}+\frac{ca}{b^2}+\frac{ab}{c^2}=\frac{abc}{a^3}+\frac{abc}{b^3}+\frac{abc}{c^3}\)
\(=abc\left(\frac{1}{a^3}+\frac{1}{b^3}+\frac{1}{c^3}\right)\)
CM HĐT phụ:
Ta có: \(a^3+b^3+c^3=\left(a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc\right)+3abc\)
\(=\left[\left(a+b\right)^3-3ab\left(a+b\right)+c^3-3abc\right]+3abc\)
\(=\left[\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+2ab+b^2-ac-bc+c^2\right)-3ab\left(a+b+c\right)\right]+3abc\)
\(=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca\right)+3abc\)
Áp dụng vào trên ta được:
\(abc\left(\frac{1}{a^3}+\frac{1}{b^3}+\frac{1}{c^3}\right)\)
\(=abc\left[\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\left(\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}-\frac{1}{ab}-\frac{1}{bc}-\frac{1}{ca}\right)+\frac{3}{abc}\right]\)
Mà \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=0\)
\(P=abc.\frac{3}{abc}=3\)
Vậy P = 3