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Sửa đề: \(x^2+2y^2+z^2-2xy-2y-4z+5=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-2xy+y^2+y^2-2y+1+z^2-4z+4=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(y-1\right)^2+\left(z-2\right)^2=0\)
=>x=y=1 và z=2
\(A=\left(x-1\right)^{2018}+\left(y-1\right)^{2019}+\left(z-1\right)^{2020}\)
\(=\left(1-1\right)^{2018}+\left(1-1\right)^{2019}+\left(2-1\right)^{2020}\)
=1
\(2x^2+2y^2+z^2-2x+2y+2xy+2yz+2zx+2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left(x^2+2xy+y^2\right)+\left(y^2+2yz+z^2\right)+\left(x^2-2x+1\right)+\left(y^2+2y+1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left(x+y\right)^2+\left(y+z\right)^2+\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y+1\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(x=-y=z=1\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(A=x^{2018}+y^{2018}+z^{2018}=1^{2018}+\left(-1\right)^{2018}+1^{2018}=3\)
...
x2 + 2y2 + z2 - 2xy - 2y - 4z + 5 = 0
<=> ( x2 - 2xy + y2 ) + ( y2 - 2y + 1 ) + ( z2 - 4z + 4 ) = 0
<=> ( x - y )2 + ( y - 1 )2 + ( z - 2 )2 = 0
Vì \(\hept{\begin{cases}\left(x-y\right)^2\ge0\\\left(y-1\right)^2\ge0\\\left(z-2\right)^2\ge0\end{cases}}\forall x;y;z\)=> ( x - y )2 + ( y - 1 )2 + ( z - 2 )2\(\ge\)0\(\forall\)x ; y ; z
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=>\(\hept{\begin{cases}\left(x-y\right)^2=0\\\left(y-1\right)^2=0\\\left(z-2\right)^2=0\end{cases}}\)<=>\(\hept{\begin{cases}x=y=1\\z=2\end{cases}}\)( 1 )
Thay ( 1 ) vào A , ta được :
\(A=\left(1-1\right)^{2020}+\left(1-2\right)^{2020}+\left(2-3\right)^{2020}=0+1+1=2\)
Vậy A = 2
Ta có: \(x^2+2y^2+z^2-2xy-2y-4z+5=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2-2xy+y^2\right)+\left(y^2-2y+1\right)+\left(z^2-4z+4\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(y-1\right)^2+\left(z-2\right)^2=0\)
Mà \(VT\ge0\left(\forall x,y,z\right)\) nên dấu "=" xảy ra khi:
\(\hept{\begin{cases}\left(x-y\right)^2=0\\\left(y-1\right)^2=0\\\left(z-2\right)^2=0\end{cases}}\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=y=1\\z=2\end{cases}}\)