Lời giải:
Nếu $x+y+z=0$ thì:

$\frac{x+y-z}{z}=\frac{-z-z}{z}=-2$

$\frac{y+z-x}{x}=\frac{-x-x}{x}=-2$

$\frac{z+x-y}{y}=\frac{-y-y}{y}=-2$ 

(thỏa mãn đkđb)

Khi đó:

$P=(1+\frac{x}{y})(1+\frac{y}{z})(1+\frac{z}{x})=\frac{(x+y)(y+z)(z+x)}{xyz}$

$=\frac{(-z)(-x)(-y)}{xyz}=\frac{-xyz}{xyz}=-1$

Nếu $x+y+z\neq 0$

Áp dụng TCDTSBN:

$\frac{x+y-z}{z}=\frac{y+z-x}{x}=\frac{z+x-y}{y}=\frac{x+y-z+y+z-x+z+x-y}{z+x+y}=\frac{x+y+z}{x+y+z}=1$

$\Rightarrow x+y=2z; y+z=2x, z+x=2y$. Khi đó:

$P=\frac{(x+y)(y+z)(z+x)}{xyz}=\frac{2z.2x.2y}{xyz}=8$

\(\dfrac{x+y-2017z}{z}=\dfrac{y+z-2017x}{x}=\dfrac{z+x-2017y}{y}\)

<=> \(\dfrac{x+y}{z}-2017=\dfrac{z+y}{x}-2017=\dfrac{z+x}{y}-2017\)

<=> \(\dfrac{x+y}{z}=\dfrac{z+y}{x}=\dfrac{z+x}{y}\)

đặt x+y+z = t 

=> \(\dfrac{t-z}{z}=\dfrac{t-x}{x}=\dfrac{t-y}{y}< =>\dfrac{t}{z}-1=\dfrac{t}{x}-1=\dfrac{t}{y}-1\) \(< =>\dfrac{t}{z}=\dfrac{t}{y}=\dfrac{t}{x}\)

=> x=y=z 

ta lại có 

\(P=\left(1+\dfrac{y}{x}\right)\left(1+\dfrac{x}{z}\right)\left(1+\dfrac{z}{y}\right)\)

vì x=y=z  => P = \(\left(1+1\right)\left(1+1\right)\left(1+1\right)=8\)

gật gật

Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau, ta có:

(y + z - x)/x = (z + x - y)/y = (x + y - z)/z = 1

--> y + z - x = x; z + x - y = y; x + y - z = z

--> y + z = 2x; z + x = 2y; x + y = 2z

Ta có: 

B = (x + y)/y.(y + z)/z.(z + x)/x

= 2z/y.2x/z.2y/x = 8

a) Với \(x+y+z=0\) ta tìm được \(\left(x;y;z\right)\rightarrow\left(0;0;0\right)\)

Với \(x+y+z\ne0\) áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có:

\(\dfrac{x}{y+z+1}=\dfrac{y}{z+x+1}=\dfrac{z}{x+y-2}=\dfrac{x+y+z}{2\left(x+y+z\right)}=\dfrac{1}{2}\)

Hay: \(x+y+z=\dfrac{1}{2}\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y+z=\dfrac{1}{2}-x\\x+z=\dfrac{1}{2}-y\\x+y=\dfrac{1}{2}-z\end{matrix}\right.\)

Thay vào đề bài ta được:

\(\dfrac{x}{\dfrac{1}{2}-x+1}=\dfrac{y}{\dfrac{1}{2}-y+1}=\dfrac{z}{\dfrac{1}{2}-z-2}=\dfrac{1}{2}\) Dễ dàng tìm được x;y;z

b) Theo đề bài ta có sẵn x+y+z khác 0

Áp dụng dãy tỉ số rồi làm tương tự câu a

Có
z= 2016 - (x+ y)
x= 2016- (y+ z)
y= 2016- (x+ z)
Thế vào ta được
[2016 - (x+ y)]/ (x+ y) + [2016 - (z+ y)]/ (z+ y) + [2016 - (x+ z)]/ (x+ z)
=2016/ (x+ y) - 1 + ( 2016)/ (z+ y)- 1 + ( 2016)/ (x+ z)-1
= 2016/ 8 - 3= 249

TH1: \(x+y+z+t\ne0\) 

Áp dụng t/c dtsbn ta có:

\(\dfrac{x}{y+z+t}=\dfrac{y}{z+t+x}=\dfrac{z}{t+x+y}=\dfrac{t}{x+y+z}=\dfrac{x+y+z+t}{3\left(x+y+z+t\right)}=\dfrac{1}{3}\)\(\dfrac{x}{y+z+t}=\dfrac{1}{3}\Rightarrow3x=y+z+t\Rightarrow4x=x+y+z+t\\ \dfrac{y}{z+t+x}=\dfrac{1}{3}\Rightarrow3y=x+z+t\Rightarrow4y=x+y+z+t\\ \dfrac{z}{t+x+y}=\dfrac{1}{3}\Rightarrow3z=x+y+t\Rightarrow4z=x+y+z+t\\ \dfrac{t}{x+y+z}=\dfrac{1}{3}\Rightarrow3t=x+y+z\Rightarrow4t=x+y+z+t\)
\(\Rightarrow4x=4y=4z=4t\\ \Rightarrow x=y=z=t\)

\(P=\dfrac{x+y}{z+t}+\dfrac{y+z}{t+x}+\dfrac{z+t}{x+y}+\dfrac{t+x}{y+z}\\ =1+1+1+1\\ =4\)

TH1: \(x+y+z+t=0\) 

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=-\left(z+t\right)\\y+z=-\left(x+t\right)\\z+t=-\left(x+y\right)\\t+x=-\left(y+z\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(P=\dfrac{x+y}{z+t}+\dfrac{y+z}{t+x}+\dfrac{z+t}{x+y}+\dfrac{t+x}{y+z}\\ =\dfrac{-\left(z+t\right)}{z+t}+\dfrac{-\left(t+x\right)}{t+x}+\dfrac{-\left(x+y\right)}{x+y}+\dfrac{-\left(y+z\right)}{y+z}\\ =-1-1-1-1\\ =-4\)

Tham khảo: https://hoc24.vn/cau-hoi/cho-bieu-thuc-pdfracxyztdfracyztxdfracztxydfractxyz-tinh-gia-tri-bieu-thuc-p-biet-dfracxyztdfracyzt.3023321885549