Ta có: \(\overrightarrow {OA}  + \overrightarrow {OB}  = \overrightarrow 0  \Leftrightarrow  - \overrightarrow {OA}  = \overrightarrow {OB} \)

\(\Rightarrow {\overrightarrow {MO} ^2} - {\overrightarrow {OA} ^2} = \left( {\overrightarrow {MO}  + \overrightarrow {OA} } \right)\left( {\overrightarrow {MO}  - \overrightarrow {OA} } \right) \\= \left( {\overrightarrow {MO}  + \overrightarrow {OA} } \right)\left( {\overrightarrow {MO}  + \overrightarrow {OB} } \right) = \overrightarrow {MA} .\overrightarrow {MB} \) (đpcm)

\(\begin{array}{l}\overrightarrow {MA}  + \overrightarrow {MB}  + \overrightarrow {MC}  + \overrightarrow {MD}  = \left( {\overrightarrow {MG}  + \overrightarrow {GE}  + \overrightarrow {EA} } \right) + \left( {\overrightarrow {MG}  + \overrightarrow {GE}  + \overrightarrow {EB} } \right)\\ + \left( {\overrightarrow {MG}  + \overrightarrow {GF}  + \overrightarrow {FC} } \right) + \left( {\overrightarrow {MG}  + \overrightarrow {GF}  + \overrightarrow {FD} } \right)\end{array}\)

\( = \left( {\overrightarrow {MG}  + \overrightarrow {MG}  + \overrightarrow {MG} \overrightarrow { + MG} } \right) + 2\left( {\overrightarrow {GE}  + \overrightarrow {GF} } \right) \\+ \left( {\overrightarrow {EA}  + \overrightarrow {EB} } \right) + \left( {\overrightarrow {FC}  + \overrightarrow {FD} } \right)\)

\( = 4\overrightarrow {MG}  + 2.\overrightarrow 0  + \overrightarrow 0  + \overrightarrow 0  = 4\overrightarrow {MG} \)  (đpcm)

Ta có:

\(\left(\overrightarrow{IA}+\overrightarrow{IB}\right)+\left(\overrightarrow{IC}+\overrightarrow{ID}\right)=2\overrightarrow{IE}+2\overrightarrow{IF}=2\left(\overrightarrow{IE}+\overrightarrow{IF}\right)=\overrightarrow{0}\)

Do đó:

\(T=\left|\overrightarrow{NA}+\overrightarrow{NB}+\overrightarrow{NC}+\overrightarrow{ND}\right|\)

\(=\left|\overrightarrow{NI}+\overrightarrow{IA}+\overrightarrow{NI}+\overrightarrow{IB}+\overrightarrow{NI}+\overrightarrow{IC}+\overrightarrow{NI}+\overrightarrow{ID}\right|\)

\(=4\left|\overrightarrow{NI}\right|=4NI\)

\(\Rightarrow T_{min}\) khi \(NI_{min}\)

\(\Rightarrow\) N là hình chiếu vuông góc của I trên (P)

MN là đường trung bình của tam giác ABC 

\(\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{MN}=\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{BC}=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{AC}\right)=-\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AC}\)

Từ giả thiết:

\(\overrightarrow{KM}=-2\overrightarrow{KN}=-2\left(\overrightarrow{KM}+\overrightarrow{MN}\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow3\overrightarrow{KM}=2\overrightarrow{NM}\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{KM}=\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{NM}\)

\(\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{MK}=\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{MN}=\dfrac{2}{3}\left(-\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AC}\right)=-\dfrac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{AC}\)

M là trung điểm AB \(\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{AM}=\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AB}\)

Do đó:

\(\overrightarrow{AK}=\overrightarrow{AM}+\overrightarrow{MK}=\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AB}-\dfrac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{AC}=\dfrac{1}{6}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{AC}\)