a, \(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)

b, \(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{4,8}{24}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

Theo PT: \(n_{HCl}=2n_{Mg}=0,4\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{HCl}=0,4.36,5=14,6\left(g\right)\)

c, \(n_{H_2}=n_{Mg}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

PT: \(CuO+H_2\underrightarrow{t^o}Cu+H_2O\)

Ta có: \(n_{CuO}=\dfrac{24}{80}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)

Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,3}{1}>\dfrac{0,2}{1}\), ta được CuO dư.

Theo PT: \(n_{Cu}=n_{H_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{Cu}=0,2.64=12,8\left(g\right)\)

\(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{4,8}{24}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ a,PTHH:Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\\ n_{HCl}=2.0,2=0,4\left(mol\right);n_{H_2}=n_{Mg}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ b,m_{HCl}=0,4.36,5=14,6\left(g\right)\\ c,n_{CuO}=\dfrac{24}{80}=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ CuO+H_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)Cu+H_2O\\ Vì:\dfrac{0,2}{1}< \dfrac{0,3}{1}\Rightarrow CuOdư\\ n_{Cu}=n_{H_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ m_{Cu}=0,2.64=12,8\left(g\right)\)

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{4.48}{22.4}=0.2\left(mol\right)\)

\(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)

\(0.2.......0.4.......................0.2\)

\(m_{Zn}=0.2\cdot65=13\left(g\right)\)

\(C\%_{HCl}=\dfrac{0.4\cdot36.5}{200}\cdot100\%=7.3\%\)

\(n_{CuO}=\dfrac{24}{80}=0.3\left(mol\right)\)

\(CuO+H_2\underrightarrow{^{t^0}}Cu+H_2O\)

\(1..........1\)

\(0.3.........0.2\)

\(LTL:\dfrac{0.3}{1}>\dfrac{0.2}{1}\Rightarrow CuOdư\)

\(m_{CuO\left(dư\right)}=\left(0.3-0.2\right)\cdot64=6.4\left(g\right)\)

\(m_{Cu}=\dfrac{29,6-4}{2}=12,8(g)\\ \Rightarrow m_{Fe}=12,8+4=16,8(g)\\ PTHH:CuO+H_2\xrightarrow{t^o}Cu+H_2O\\ Fe_3O_4+4H_2\xrightarrow{t^o}3Fe+4H_2O\\ \Rightarrow \Sigma n_{H_2}=n_{Cu}+3n_{Fe}=\dfrac{12,8}{64}+\dfrac{3}{4}.\dfrac{16,8}{56}=0,6(mol)\\ \Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,6.22,4=13,44(l)\)

Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Fe}=\dfrac{59,2+8}{2}=33,6\left(g\right)\\m_{Cu}=59,2-33,6=25,6\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Fe}=\dfrac{33,6}{56}=0,6\left(mol\right)\\n_{Cu}=\dfrac{25,6}{64}=0,4\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

PTHH:
\(Fe_3O_4+4H_2\xrightarrow[]{t^o}3Fe+4H_2O\)

              0,8<----0,3

\(CuO+H_2\xrightarrow[]{t^o}Cu+H_2O\)

          0,4<---0,4

`=> V_{H_2} = (0,4 + 0,8).22,4 = 26,88 (l)`

Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

PT: \(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)

Theo PT: \(n_{HCl}=2n_{H_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow C_{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,1}=2\left(M\right)\)

\(n_{Fe}=n_{H_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{Fe}=0,1.56=5,6\left(g\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{Cu}=20-5,6=14,4\left(g\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{5,6}{20}.100\%=28\%\\\%m_{Cu}=72\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

a)

n Al = 10,8/27 = 0,4(mol)

2Al + 6HCl → 2AlCl3 + 3H2

n H2 = \(\dfrac{3}{2}\)n Al = 0,6(mol)

=> V H2 = 0,6.22,4 = 13,44(lít)

b) n AlCl3 = n Al = 0,4(mol)

=> m AlCl3 = 0,4.133,5 = 53,4(gam)

c) n CuO = 16/80 = 0,2(mol)

CuO + H2 \(\xrightarrow{t^o}\) Cu + H2O

n CuO = 0,2 < n H2 = 0,6 => H2 dư

n H2 pư  = n Cu = n CuO = 0,2 mol

Suy ra:

m H2 dư = (0,6  -0,2).2 = 0,8(gam)

m Cu = 0,2.64 = 12,8(gam)

a) nAl=0,4(mol)

PTHH: 2Al + 6HCl -> 2AlCl3 +  3H2

nH2= 3/2 . nAl=3/2 . 0,4=0,6(mol)

=>V(H2,đktc)=0,6  x 22,4= 13,44(l)

b) nAlCl3= nAl=0,4(mol)

=>mAlCl3=133,5 x 0,4= 53,4(g)

c) nCuO=0,2(mol)

PTHH: CuO + H2 -to-> Cu + H2O

Ta có: 0,2/1 < 0,6/1

=> H2 dư, CuO hết, tính theo nCuO

=> nH2(p.ứ)=nCu=nCuO=0,2(mol)

=>nH2(dư)=0,6 - 0,2=0,4(mol)

=> mH2(dư)=0,4. 2=0,8(g)

mCu=0,2.64=12,4(g)

a, PT: \(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)

b, Ta có: \(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{14}{56}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)

Theo PT: \(n_{HCl}=2n_{Fe}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{HCl}=0,25.36,5=18,25\left(g\right)\)

c, Theo PT: \(n_{H_2}=n_{Fe}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,25.22,4=5,6\left(l\right)\)

\(n_{Al} = \dfrac{2,7}{27} = 0,1(mol)\\ 2Al + 3H_2SO_4 \to Al_2(SO_4)_3 + 3H_2\\ n_{H_2} = \dfrac{3}{2}n_{Al} = 0,15(mol)\\ \Rightarrow V_{H_2} = 0,15.22,4 = 3,36(lít)\\ n_{HCl} = \dfrac{8,1}{36,5} = \dfrac{81}{365}(mol)\\ 2Al + 6HCl \to 2AlCl_3 + 3H_2\\ \dfrac{n_{Al}}{2} = 0,05 > \dfrac{n_{HCl}}{6} = \dfrac{27}{730} \to Al\ dư\\ n_{Al\ pư} = \dfrac{1}{3}n_{HCl} = \dfrac{27}{365}(mol)\\ \)

\(m_{Al\ dư} = 2,7 - \dfrac{27}{265}.27 = 0,703(gam)\)

Bài 2:  \(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)

\(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{5,6}{56}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

Theo PTHH: \(n_{Fe}=n_{H_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,1\cdot22,4=2,24\left(l\right)\)

Theo PTHH: \(n_{FeCl_2}=n_{Fe}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{FeCl_2}=127\cdot0,1=12,7\left(g\right)\)