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a) \(m_X=0,1\cdot64+0,2\cdot27+0,3\cdot24=19\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\%m_{Cu}=\dfrac{0,1\cdot64\cdot100}{19}=34\%\)
\(\Rightarrow\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,2\cdot27\cdot100}{19}=28\%\)
\(\Rightarrow\%m_{Mg}=100\%-34\%-28\%=38\%\)
b) \(Cu+2HCl\rightarrow CuCl_2+H_2\) (1)
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\) (2)
\(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\) (3)
\(n_{HCl\left(1\right)}=2n_{Cu}=2\cdot0,1=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{HCl\left(2\right)}=\dfrac{6\cdot n_{Al}}{2}=3\cdot0,2=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{HCl\left(3\right)}=2n_{Mg}=2\cdot0,3=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{HCl}=\left(0,2+0,6+0,6\right)\cdot36,5=51,1\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{H_2\left(1\right)}=n_{Cu}=0,1\left(mol\right);n_{H_2\left(2\right)}=\dfrac{3\cdot0,2}{2}=0,3\left(mol\right);n_{H_2\left(3\right)}=n_{Mg}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(V_{H_2\left(dkc\right)}=\left(0,1+0,3+0,3\right)\cdot24,79=17,353\left(l\right)\)
\(Fe_2O_3+3H_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)2Fe+3H_2O\\ CuO+H_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)Cu+H_2O\\ Đặt:n_{Fe}=a\left(mol\right);n_{Cu}=0,5a\left(mol\right)\\ m_{hhB}=17,6\\ \Leftrightarrow56a+64.0,5a=17,6\\ \Leftrightarrow a=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow n_{Fe}=0,2\left(mol\right);n_{Cu}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ a,n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}.n_{Fe}+n_{Cu}=\dfrac{3}{2}.0,2+0,1=0,4\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow V_{H_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,4.22,4=8,96\left(l\right)\\ b,Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\\ n_{HCl}=\dfrac{18,25}{36,5}=0,5\left(mol\right)\\ Vì:\dfrac{0,2}{1}< \dfrac{0,5}{2}\Rightarrow HCldư\\ \Rightarrow ddC:FeCl_2,HCldư\\ n_{FeCl_2}=n_{Fe}=0,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{FeCl_2}=0,2.127=25,4\left(g\right)\\ n_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=0,5-0,2.2=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=0,1.36,5=3,65\left(g\right)\)
TN1: Gọi (nCu, nAl, nFe) = (a,b,c)
=> 64a + 27b + 56c = 14,3 (1)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
b----------------------->1,5b
Fe + 2HCl --> FeCl2 + H2
c----------------------->c
=> 1,5b + c = 0,3 (2)
TN2: Gọi (nCu, nAl, nFe) = (ak,bk,ck)
=> ak + bk + ck = 0,6 (3)
\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{44,8}{22,4}.20\%=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2Cu + O2 --to--> 2CuO
ak--->0,5ak
4Al + 3O2 --to--> 2Al2O3
bk--->0,75bk
3Fe + 2O2 --to--> Fe3O4
ck-->\(\dfrac{2}{3}ck\)
=> 0,5ak + 0,75bk + \(\dfrac{2}{3}ck\) = 0,4 (4)
(1)(2)(3) => \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,05\left(mol\right)\\b=0,1\left(mol\right)\\c=0,15\left(mol\right)\\k=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Cu}=\dfrac{0,05.64}{14,3}.100\%=22,38\%\\\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,1.27}{14,3}.100\%=18,88\%\\\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,15.56}{14,3}.100\%=58,74\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
a, \(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{6,5}{65}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Zn + 2HCl ---> ZnCl2 + H2
0,1--->0,2------->0,1----->0,1
VH2 = 0,1.22,4 = 2,24 (l)
b, \(C_{M\left(HCl\right)}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,2}=1M\)
c, \(C_{M\left(ZnCl_2\right)}=\dfrac{0,1}{0,2}=0,5M\)
\(H_2+O_2\underrightarrow{^{^{t^0}}}2H_2O\)
\(0.2.......0.08\)
=> Hiệu suất tính theo O2
\(n_{O_2\left(pư\right)}=75\%\cdot0.08=0.06\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{O_2\left(dư\right)}=0.08-0.06=0.02\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{H_2\left(dư\right)}=0.2-0.06=0.14\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{H_2O}=0.06\cdot2=0.12\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{O_2\left(dư\right)}=0.02\cdot32=0.64\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{H_2}=0.14\cdot2=0.28\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{H_2O}=0.12\cdot18=2.16\left(g\right)\)
GT:Oxi tác dụng hết trong phản ứng .
theo đề ta có:
\(nO_2=0,08.75=0,06mol\) ( đủ )
pthh:
\(2H_2+O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2H_2O\)
0,12<-0,12->0,12
\(nH_2=0,2-0,12=0,08mol\) ( đủ)
\(nO_2=0,08-0,06=0,02mol\) ( đủ )
\(mH_2=2.0,08=0,16gam\)
\(mO_2=32.0,02=0,64gam\)
\(mH_2O=0,12.18=2,16gam\)
Giả sử 21,4 gam X chứa \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}Cu:a\left(mol\right)\\Fe:2a\left(mol\right)\\R:b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> 176a + b.MR = 21,4 (1)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{15,68}{22,4}=0,7\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Fe + 2HCl ---> FeCl2 + H2
2a--------------------->2a
2R + 2nHCl --> 2RCln + nH2
b---------------------->0,5bn
=> 2a + 0,5bn = 0,7 (2)
- 10,7g X chứa \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}Cu:0,5a\left(mol\right)\\Fe:a\left(mol\right)\\R:0,5b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{Cl_2}=\dfrac{39,1-10,7}{71}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Cu + Cl2 --to--> CuCl2
0,5a->0,5a
2Fe + 3Cl2 --to--> 2FeCl3
a-->1,5a
2R + nCl2 --to--> 2RCln
0,5b->0,25bn
=> 2a + 0,25bn = 0,4 (3)
(2)(3) => a = 0,05 (mol); bn = 1,2
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Cu}=0,05\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe}=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Cu}=\dfrac{0,05.64}{21,4}.100\%=14,95\%\\\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,1.56}{21,4}.100\%=26,17\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(2Al+6HCl->2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ Fe+2HCl->FeCl_2+H_2\\ Zn+2HCl->ZnCl_2+H_2\\ 2Al+3H_2SO_4->Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\\ Fe+H_2SO_4->FeSO_4+H_2\\ Zn+H_2SO_4->ZnSO_4+H_2\\ n_{Al}=n_{Fe}=a\left(mol\right);n_{Zn}=3a\left(mol\right)\\ m_X=27,8=a\left(27+56\right)+3a.65\\ a=0,1\\ n_{HCl}=0,375.0,8=0,3mol\\ n_{H_2SO_4}=0,45mol\\ n_{H^{^+}}=0,3+0,9=1,2mol\\ BT.e^{^{ }-}:3n_{Al}+2n_{Fe}+2n_{Zn}=3a+2a+6a=1,1mol\\ 2n_{H_2}=4n_{H^{^+}}=4,8mol\\ 1,1< 4,8\Rightarrow X:pư.hết\\ 2n_{H_2}=1,1\Rightarrow n_{H_2}=0,55mol\\ V_{H_2}=0,55.22,4=12,32L\)
\(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\\ 2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ n_{HCl\left(p.ứ\right)}=0,3.2+0,2.3=1,2\left(mol\right)< 1,5\left(mol\right)\)
Vậy phản ứng xảy ra không hoàn toàn, dư 0,3mol HCl