a) 

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{0,6}{2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: 2M + 3H₂SO₄ --> M₂(SO₄)₃ + 3H₂

           0,2<----0,3<--------0,1<-------0,3

=> \(M_M=\dfrac{5,4}{0,2}=27\left(g/mol\right)\)

=> M là Al

b) \(C\%_{dd.H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,3.98}{395,2}.100\%=7,44\%\)

c) 

PTHH: 2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl₃ + 3H₂

          0,2-->0,6

=> \(V_{dd.HCl}=\dfrac{0,6}{1}=0,6\left(l\right)=600\left(ml\right)\)

cảm ơn bạn nhiều nha:))

\(Đặt.oxit:A_2O_3\\ A_2O_3+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow A_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2O\\ n_{Al_2O_3}=\dfrac{34,2-10,2}{96.3-16.3}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ M_{A_2O_3}=\dfrac{10,2}{0,1}=102\left(\dfrac{g}{mol}\right)=2M_A+48\\ \Rightarrow M_A=27\left(\dfrac{g}{mol}\right)\\ a,\Rightarrow A.là.nhôm\left(Al=27\right)\\ b,n_{H_2SO_4}=3.0,1=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ C\%_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,3.98}{100}.100=29,4\%\\ c,n_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=n_{Al_2O_3}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+6NaOH\rightarrow2Al\left(OH\right)_3+3Na_2SO_4\\ n_{NaOH}=6.0,1=0,6\left(mol\right)\\ V_{ddNaOH}=\dfrac{0,6}{1,5}=0,4\left(l\right)\)

 nR = nH2 = 0,15
=> MR = 8,4/0,15 = 56: R là Fe

nFeSO4 = nH2SO4 phản ứng = 0,15

=> mdd sau phản ứng = 0,15.152/4,56% = 500

=>mH2SO4 dư = 500.2,726% = 13,63

mddH2SO4 ban đầu = 500 + mH2 – mFe = 491,

C%H2SO4 ban đầu = (13,63 + 0,15.98)/491,9 = 5,76%

Coi \(m_{H_2SO_4} = 98(gam)\)

\(\Rightarrow n_{H_2SO_4} = \dfrac{98.5\%}{98} = 0,05(gam)\)

Gọi n là hóa trị của kim loại M.

2M + nH₂SO₄ → M₂(SO₄)_n + nH₂

\(\dfrac{0,1}{n}\).....0,05............\(\dfrac{0,05}{n}\).......0,05..........(mol)

Ta có :

\(m_{dd} = m_M + m_{dd\ H_2SO_4} - m_{H_2} = \dfrac{0,1}{n}M + 98 - 0,05.2 = \dfrac{0,1M}{n} + 97,9(gam)\)

\(m_{muối} = \dfrac{0,05}{n}(2M + 96n) = \dfrac{0,1M}{n} + 4,8(gam)\)

Suy ra: 

\(C\%_{muối} = \dfrac{ \dfrac{0,1M}{n} +4,8}{ \dfrac{0,1M}{n}+97,9} .100\% = 6,05\%\)

Suy ra M = 12n

Với n = 2 thì M = 24(Mg)

\(a,n_{H_2SO_4}=0,3.0,75+0,3.0,25=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ V_{ddH_2SO_4}=300+300=600\left(ml\right)=0,6\left(l\right)\\ \rightarrow C_{M\left(H_2SO_4\right)}=\dfrac{0,3}{0,6}=0,5M\\ m_{H_2SO_4}=0,3.98=29,4\left(g\right)\\ m_{ddH_2SO_4}=600.1,02=612\left(g\right)\\ \rightarrow C\%_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{29,4}{612}.100\%=4,8\%\)

\(b,\) Đặt kim loại M có hoá trị n (n ∈ N*)

PTHH: \(2M+nH_2SO_4\rightarrow M_2\left(SO_4\right)_n+nH_2\uparrow\)

           \(\dfrac{0,6}{n}\)<---0,3--------------------------->0,3

\(\rightarrow M_M=\dfrac{5,4}{\dfrac{0,6}{n}}=9n\left(g\text{/}mol\right)\)

Vì n là hoá trị của M nên ta xét bảng

Vậy M là Al

\(c,n_{KClO_3}=\dfrac{15,3125}{122,5}=0,125\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH:

\(2H_2+O_2\xrightarrow[]{t^o}2H_2O\)

0,3-->0,15

\(2KClO_3\xrightarrow[]{t^o}2KCl+3O_2\uparrow\)

0,1<---------------------0,15

\(\rightarrow H=\dfrac{0,1}{0,125}.100\%=80\%\)

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2.24}{22.4}=0.1\left(mol\right)\)

\(2A+2nHCl\rightarrow2ACl_n+nH_2\)

\(\dfrac{0.2}{n}.......................0.1\)

\(M_A=\dfrac{2.4}{\dfrac{0.2}{n}}=12n\left(\dfrac{g}{mol}\right)\)

\(BL:n=2\Rightarrow M=24\)

\(A:Mg\)

\(m_{MgCl_2}=0.1\cdot95=9.5\left(g\right)\)

\(m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0.2\cdot36.5}{7.3\%}=100\left(g\right)\)

\(m_{dd}=2.4+100-0.1\cdot2=102.2\left(g\right)\)

\(C\%_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{9.5}{102.2}\cdot100\%=9.3\%\)

a) \(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{2,4}{24}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: Mg + H₂SO₄ --> MgSO₄ + H₂

           0,1---->0,1------->0,1---->0,1

=> \(m_{dd.H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,1.98}{4,9\%}=200\left(g\right)\)

b) m_{dd sau pư} = 2,4 + 200 - 0,1.2 = 202,2 (g)

m_MgSO4 = 0,1.120 = 12 (g)

\(C\%_{MgSO_4}=\dfrac{12}{202,2}.100\%=5,9\%\)

c) 

\(n_{CuO}=\dfrac{20}{80}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: CuO + H₂ --t^o--> Cu + H₂O

Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,25}{1}>\dfrac{0,1}{1}\) => Hiệu suất tính theo H₂

\(n_{Cu}=\dfrac{3,2}{64}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: CuO + H₂ --t^o--> Cu + H₂O

                      0,05<-----0,05

=> \(H=\dfrac{0,05}{0,1}.100\%=50\%\)

a, \(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{2,4}{24}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: Mg + H₂SO₄ ---> MgSO₄ + H₂

           0,1--->0,1---------->0,1-------->0,1

\(m_{dd\left(H_2SO_4\right)}=\dfrac{0,1.98}{4,9\%}=200\left(g\right)\)

b, \(m_{dd\left(sau.pư\right)}=2,4+200-0,2.2=202,2\left(g\right)\)

\(\rightarrow C\%_{MgSO_4}=\dfrac{0,1.120}{202,2}.100\%=5,93\%\)

c, \(n_{CuO}=\dfrac{20}{80}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: CuO + H₂ --t^o--> Cu + H₂O

LTL: 0,25 > 0,1 => CuO dư

\(n_{Cu}=\dfrac{3,2}{64}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)

Theo pt: \(n_{H_2}=n_{Cu}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)

=> \(H=\dfrac{0,05}{0,1}.100\%=50\%\)

Đặt kim loại M có hóa trị n khi phản ứng với 100g dung dịch HCl 20%

\(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{100.20\%}{36,5}=\dfrac{40}{73}\left(mol\right)\)

\(2M+2nHCl\rightarrow2MCl_n+nH_2\)

\(\dfrac{40}{73n}\)<----\(\dfrac{40}{73}\)-------> \(\dfrac{40}{73n}\)---> \(\dfrac{20}{73}\) (mol)

Theo ĐLBTKL : 

=> \(m_{ddMCl_n}=\dfrac{40}{73n}.M+100-\dfrac{20}{73}.2=\dfrac{40.M}{73n}+\dfrac{7260}{73}\left(g\right)\)

\(C\%_{MCl_n}=\dfrac{\dfrac{40}{73n}.\left(M+35,5.n\right)}{\dfrac{40M}{73n}+\dfrac{7260}{73}}.100=23,36\)

Lập bảng :

Vậy kim loại cần tìm là Nhôm (Al)

\(n_{H_2SO_4}=0,1.3=0,3\left(mol\right)\)

PT: \(Zn+H_2SO_4\rightarrow ZnSO_4+H_2\)

Theo PT: \(n_{Zn}=n_{H_2SO_4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)

PT: \(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)

Theo PT: \(n_{ZnCl_2}=n_{Zn}=0,3\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{ZnCl_2}=0,3.136=40,8\left(g\right)\)