\(\text{a) }\overrightarrow{AH}=\overrightarrow{AG}+\overrightarrow{GH}=\overrightarrow{AG}+\overrightarrow{BG}=\frac{1}{3}\left(3\overrightarrow{AG}+3\overrightarrow{BG}\right)\\ =\frac{1}{3}\left(\overrightarrow{AA}+\overrightarrow{AC}+\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{BC}+\overrightarrow{BB}\right)\\ =\frac{1}{3}\left(\overrightarrow{AC}+\overrightarrow{BC}\right)=\frac{1}{3}\left(\overrightarrow{AC}+\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{AC}\right)\\ =\frac{1}{3}\left(2\overrightarrow{AC}-\overrightarrow{AB}\right)=\frac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{AC}-\frac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{AB}\)

\(\text{b) }\overrightarrow{CH}=\overrightarrow{CA}+\overrightarrow{AH}=-\overrightarrow{AC}+\frac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{AC}-\frac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{AB}\\ =-\frac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{AC}-\frac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{AB}=-\frac{1}{3}\left(\overrightarrow{AC}+\overrightarrow{AB}\right)\)

\(\text{c) }\overrightarrow{MH}=\overrightarrow{MC}+\overrightarrow{CH}=\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{BC}-\frac{1}{3}\left(\overrightarrow{AC}+\overrightarrow{AB}\right)\\ =\frac{1}{2}\left(\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{AC}\right)-\frac{1}{3}\left(\overrightarrow{AC}+\overrightarrow{AB}\right)\\ =-\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AB}+\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AC}-\frac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{AC}-\frac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{AB}\\ =\frac{1}{6}\overrightarrow{AB}-\frac{5}{6}\overrightarrow{AB}\)

a) \(\overrightarrow {AB} .\overrightarrow {AC}  = 2.3.\cos \widehat {BAC} = 6.\cos {60^o} = 3\)

b)

Ta có: \(\overrightarrow {AB}  + \overrightarrow {AC}  = 2\overrightarrow {AM} \)(do M là trung điểm của BC)

\( \Leftrightarrow \overrightarrow {AM}  = \frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow {AB}  + \frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow {AC} \)

+) \(\overrightarrow {BD}  = \overrightarrow {AD}  - \overrightarrow {AB}  = \frac{7}{{12}}\overrightarrow {AC}  - \overrightarrow {AB} \)

c) Ta có:

 \(\begin{array}{l}\overrightarrow {AM} .\overrightarrow {BD}  = \left( {\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow {AB}  + \frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow {AC} } \right)\left( {\frac{7}{{12}}\overrightarrow {AC}  - \overrightarrow {AB} } \right)\\ = \frac{7}{{24}}\overrightarrow {AB} .\overrightarrow {AC}  - \frac{1}{2}{\overrightarrow {AB} ^2} + \frac{7}{{24}}{\overrightarrow {AC} ^2} - \frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow {AC} .\overrightarrow {AB} \\ =  - \frac{1}{2}A{B^2} + \frac{7}{{24}}A{C^2} - \frac{5}{{24}}\overrightarrow {AB} .\overrightarrow {AC} \\ =  - \frac{1}{2}{.2^2} + \frac{7}{{24}}{.3^2} - \frac{5}{{24}}.3\\ = 0\end{array}\)

\( \Rightarrow AM \bot BD\)

H đối xứng B qua G \(\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{BH}=2\overrightarrow{BG}=2\left(\dfrac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{BA}+\dfrac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{BC}\right)=-\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{BC}\)

\(\overrightarrow{AH}=\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{BH}=\overrightarrow{AB}-\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{BC}=\dfrac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{2}{3}\left(\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{AC}\right)\)

\(=\dfrac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{AB}-\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{AC}=\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{AC}-\dfrac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{AB}\)

\(\overrightarrow{CH}=\overrightarrow{CA}+\overrightarrow{AH}=-\overrightarrow{AC}+\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{AC}-\dfrac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{AB}=-\dfrac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{AB}-\dfrac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{AC}\)

\(\overrightarrow{MH}=\overrightarrow{MA}+\overrightarrow{AH}=-\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AB}-\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AC}+\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{AC}-\dfrac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{AB}\)

\(=-\dfrac{5}{6}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{1}{6}\overrightarrow{AC}\)