\(P=\frac{x}{y+z}+\frac{y}{z+x}+\frac{z}{x+y}=1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y+z\right)\left(\frac{x}{y+z}+\frac{y}{z+x}+\frac{z}{x+y}\right)=x+y+z\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x^2}{y+z}+\frac{y^2}{z+x}+\frac{z^2}{x+y}+x+y+z=x+y+z\)

\(\Rightarrow Q=\frac{x^2}{y+z}+\frac{y^2}{x+y}+\frac{z^2}{x+y}=0\) (dpcm)

Đặt \(\dfrac{1}{a}=\dfrac{1}{x+y},\dfrac{1}{b}=\dfrac{1}{y+z},\dfrac{1}{c}=\dfrac{1}{z+x}\)

Đề trở thành: \(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}=0\), tính \(P=\dfrac{bc}{a^2}+\dfrac{ac}{b^2}+\dfrac{ab}{c^2}\)

\(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}=0\) Tương đương \(ab+bc=-ac\)

\(P=\dfrac{b^3c^3+a^3c^3+a^3b^3}{a^2b^2c^2}=\dfrac{\left(ab+bc\right)\left(a^2b^2-ab^2c+b^2c^2\right)+a^3c^3}{a^2b^2c^2}=\dfrac{-ac\left(a^2b^2-ab^2c+b^2c^2\right)+a^3c^3}{a^2b^2c^2}\)

\(=\dfrac{a^2c^2-a^2b^2+ab^2c-b^2c^2}{ab^2c}=\dfrac{ac}{b^2}-\dfrac{a}{c}+1-\dfrac{c}{a}\)\(=ac\left(\dfrac{1}{a^2}+\dfrac{2}{ac}+\dfrac{1}{c^2}\right)-\dfrac{a}{c}+1-\dfrac{c}{a}\) (do \(\dfrac{1}{b}=-\dfrac{1}{a}-\dfrac{1}{c}\) tương đương \(\dfrac{1}{b^2}=\dfrac{1}{a^2}+\dfrac{2}{ac}+\dfrac{1}{c^2}\)) 

\(=3\)

Vậy P=3

\(\dfrac{x^2}{y+z}+\dfrac{y^2}{x+z}+\dfrac{z^2}{x+y}\)

\(=x.\left(\dfrac{x}{y+z}+1-1\right)+y.\left(\dfrac{y}{x+z}+1-1\right)+z.\left(\dfrac{z}{x+y}+1-1\right)\)

\(=x.\left(\dfrac{x+y+z}{y+z}\right)+y.\left(\dfrac{x+y+z}{x+z}\right)+z.\left(\dfrac{x+y+z}{x+y}\right)-\left(x+y+z\right)\)

\(=\left(x+y+z\right)\left(\dfrac{x}{y+z}+\dfrac{y}{z+x}+\dfrac{z}{x+y}\right)-\left(x+y+z\right)=\left(x+y+z\right)-\left(x+y+z\right)=0\)

\(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}=0\)\(\Rightarrow xy+yz+xz=0\) (nhân cả hai vế với \(xyz\) )

Ta có : \(VP=\left(x+y+z\right)^2=x^2+y^2+z^2+2xy+2yz+2xy\)

\(=x^2+y^2+z^2+2\left(xy+yz+xz\right)=x^2+y^2+z^2=VT\)(đpcm)

Bài 3:

Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy cho các số dương ta có:

\(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{x}{4}\geq 2\sqrt{\frac{1}{4}}=1\)

\(\frac{1}{y}+\frac{y}{4}\geq 2\sqrt{\frac{1}{4}}=1\)

\(\frac{1}{z}+\frac{z}{4}\geq 2\sqrt{\frac{1}{4}}=1\)

Cộng theo vế các BĐT vừa thu được ta có:

\(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}+\frac{x+y+z}{4}\geq 3\)

\(\Rightarrow \frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\geq 3-\frac{x+y+z}{4}\geq 3-\frac{6}{4}\) (do \(x+y+z\leq 6\) )

\(\Rightarrow \frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\geq \frac{3}{2}\) (đpcm)

Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=2\)

Bài 4:

Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy cho 3 số dương:

\(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{z}+\frac{z}{x}\geq 3\sqrt[3]{\frac{x}{y}.\frac{y}{z}.\frac{z}{x}}=3\sqrt[3]{1}=3\) (đpcm)

Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(x=y=z\)

\(x+y+z=0\)

⇔\(-x=y+z\)

⇔\(x^2=\left(y+z\right)^2\) 

⇔\(x^2=y^2+2yz+z^2\) 

⇔\(y^2+z^2-x^2=-2yz\)

Tương tự:

\(z^2+x^2-y^2=-2zx\)

\(x^2+y^2-z^2=-2xy\)

➞ S = \(\dfrac{1}{-2xy}+\dfrac{1}{-2yz}+\dfrac{1}{-2zx}=\dfrac{x+y+z}{-2xyz}=0\) 

Vậy S = 0

Ta có:

\(x+y+z=0\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(x+y\right)^2=\left(-z\right)^2\)

\(\Rightarrow x^2+y^2+2xy=z^2\)

\(\Rightarrow x^2+y^2-z^2=-2xy\)

Tương tự ta được:
\(S=\frac{1}{-2xy}+\frac{1}{-2yz}+\frac{1}{-2zx}=-\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{xy}+\frac{1}{yz}+\frac{1}{zx}\right)=-\frac{1}{2}\cdot\frac{x+y+z}{xyz}=0\)

Vậy S=0