(Giups mk vs)

Exercise 1
1. Tom with dog_____ here now.
a. is b. are c. was d. were
2. Tom as well as his dog_____ here now.
a. is b. are c. was d. were
3. My old friends and colleague, John, _____ married.
a. has just got b. have just got c. just has got d. just have got
4. The singer and actor_____ coming now.
a. was b. were c. is d. are
5. The singer and the actor_____ coming now.
a. was b. were c. is d. are
6. Mathematics_____ difficult.
a. is b. are c. is d. are

4

7. Two billion dollars_____ not enough for the victims of the tsunami
a. was b. were c. is d. are
8. Three years in a strange land _____ like a long time for lonely people.
a. is seeming b. are seeing c. seems d. seemed
9. The film "Titanic"_____ very interesting.
a. is b. are c. was d. were
10. Cattle______ allowed graze here now.
a. was b. were c. is d. are
11. None of this money______ right now.
a. is b. are c. was d. were
12. None of them______ right now.
a. is b. are c. was d. were
13. Every student ______ willing to join the picnic now.
a. is b. are c. was d. were
14. The number of students______ in creasing now.
a. are b. was c. were d. is
15. A number of students ______ playing table - tennis now.
a. are b. was c. were d. is
16. Physics______ my favourite subject.
a. are b. is c. was d. have been
17. They boy, with his two companions, ______ the cherry tree now.
a. has split b. have split c. is slitting d. are splitting
18. The write and poet______ going to preside over this meeting
a. are b. is c. have been going d. is to
19. Neither the mother nor the children______ aware of the danger.
a. were b. was c. is d. has been
20. She told me that she ______ happy for what he______
a. is feeling/ did b. was feeling/ had done
c. feels/ did d. has felt/ has been going

(Hép miiiiii)

Exercise 3

1. The science classes at this ______ difficult.
a. schools are b. school is c. school are d. school's is
2. One of the ______ from Italy.
a. student is b. students are c. student are d. student is
3. ______ to support the case against James?
a. Is there any proof b. Are there any proof
c. Is there any proofs d. Are there any proofs
4. You have to pay extra if you take too______ with you.
a. much luggages b. many luggages c. much luggage d. may luggage
5. ______ in your lass have tickets for the lecture series?
a. Do any of the student b. Does any of the student
c. Do any of the students d. Does any of the students
6. Bob got fired. It's going to be difficult for him to find job.
a. other b. another c. the other d. the another
7. There______ available in his area of specialization.
a. isn’t a lot of job b. aren't a lot of jobs c. isn't a lot of jobs d. aren't a lot of job
8. He made the soup by mixing______ meat with some rice.
a. little b. few c. a little d. a few
9. Many of the ______ not expect to win.
a. participants in the race do b. participants in the races does
c. participants in the race does d. participant in the race does
10. The English______ strong traditions.
a. has many b. have much c. have many d. has much
11. ______ moved to that city recently.
a. A number of Vietnamese have b. A number of Vietnamese has
c. The number of Vietnamese has b. The number of Vietnamese have
12. Each of the reference _____ available in the school library.
a. books on that list is b. books on that list are
c. books on that list is d. book on that list are
13. Several____ sleeping under a tree.
a. of lions were b. lion was c. of the lions was d. lions were
14. Many of the ____ not used to day. They are remnants of the past.
a. railroad tracks around here are b. railroad's tracks around here is
c. railroad tracks around here is d. railroad's tracks around here are
15. As we walked through the jungle, the ____ unusually quiet.
a. monkeys were b. monkeys was c. monkies were d. monkies was
16. At the news conference, several reporters didn't get clear answer to _____ questions.
a. theirs b. their c. his and hers d. his and her
17. I have a _____ sister.

a. seven years old b. seven years old c. seven year old d. seven year olds
18. There_____ in the world today.
a. is any new computer company b. is many new computer companies
c. are many new computer companies d. are many new computer companies
19. Self-esteem is important. It's important for people to like _____
a. oneself b. yourself c. him/herself d. themselves
20. What_____ you used in picking a winner in the art contest?
a. is the criteria b. are the criteria c. are the criterion d. are the riterions
Exercise 4
1. Mathematics_____ very interesting to me.
a. are b. have been c. were d. is
2. Down_____ for three days
a. the rain poured b. did the rain pour c. poured the rain d. do the rain pour
3. Twenty dollars_____ the price.
a. are b. is c. being d. were
4. A number of graduates_____ scholarships from this department.
a. have received b. has received c. are received d. receives
5. Pollution together with water erosion_____ its toll on the building.
a. are taking b. is taking c. have taking d. have taken
6. Most of the rooms in the hotel _____ air-conditioning.
a. has b. having c. have d. are
7. A few_____ the test.
a. have failed b. has failed c. is failing d. failing
8. Under the tree_____ full of food.
a. a basket was b. was a basket c. are a basket d. were a basket
9. Both viruses and genes_____ made from nucleoproteins.
a. are b. is c. were d. has been
10. Coffee contains caffeine, and so_____
a. tea did b. does tea c. it does d. tea does
11. Mary, accompanied by her brother on the piano, _____ very well received at the talent show
yesterday.
a. was b. were c. have been d. has been
12. The smallest flying dinosaurs _____ about the size of a robin.
a. was b. are c. have d. been
13. My new pair of pants _____ at the cleaners.
a. is b. are c. be d. have been
14. Out_____ the bird from its tiny cage.
a. did the bird fly b. fly the bird c. did the bird fly d. flew the bird
15. The police_____ on the alert for the escaped convict.
a. are b. be c. can d. been
16. I'm happy that everything_____ in its place.
a. are b. been c. is d. have
17. One of my best friends_____ five credit cards.
a. have b. has c. does d. do
18. _____ an emergency arise, call 911.
a. Can b. Does c. Should d. Will
19. There_____ never been an environmental disaster of this magnitude.
a. has b. have c. are d. is
20. The news_____ quite alarming.
a. are b. have c.was d.were

1. She ...................... us English at school. TEACHER
2. In my ......................, there is a park. NEIGHBOR
3. Bacgiang has a lot of ................. places. BEAUTY 
4. What is the .................. of this mountain? HIGH
5. We often buy cheap bread in the .................. BAKE
6. They have a lot of ........................ in the summer. ACT
7. This is the ....................... pagoda in Bacgiang OLD
8. Don`t ride too quickly. It is ......................... DANGER
9. My house is .................. than yours. BIG
10. He greets me in a ......................... way. FRIEND
There are four............................in my house. bookshelf.
The photocopy is between the .....................................and the drugstore. bake
Is your brother an .........................................? act
Mai`s sister is a ...................................... sing
We must be .................................... when we cross the road. care
This tree has a lot of green .......................................... leaf
Is your father a .............................................? business
I’m Vietnamese. What’s your ....................................................? nation
Air ..................................... is a big problem in many cities in the world. pollute
20. Yoko is from Japan. She is ................................ Japan
21Anna likes attending the English .............................................. contests. (SPEAK)
22. My neighborhood is ..................................... for good and cheap restaurants. (FAME)
23. I like the city life because there are many kinds of .....................................(ENTERTAIN)
24.Van’s classroom is on the ......................................... floor. (TWO)
25. These children like ........................................ weather. (SUN)
26. Lan speaks English ....................................... than me. (WELL)
27. The Great Wall of China is the world’s ..................................... structure. (LONG)
28. What’s Maco’s ........................................? - She’s British. (NATION)
Don’t make a fire hare. It’s very……….. DANGER.
Air………….. is a big problem in many cities in the world. POLLUTE
There are lot of……………mountains in Vietnam BEAUTY.
I’m Vietnamese. What’s your…………? NATION
This is the ………….. pagoda in our country OLD.
She is very ……………….. .(beauty)
Mai’s sister is a ………………… .(sing).
It is very ………........... in the city. (noise)
Her …………….. are small and white. (tooth)
There are two ……………… in his office. (secretary)
Do you know the …………….. of this book? (write)
This is my favorite chair. It’s so …………….. . (comfort)
My father often ………………. his work at 4.30. (finish)
The Mekong River is the …………………._ river in Vietnam. (long)
Tokyo is …………………. than London. (big)
Ho Chi Minh city is the………………….city in Vietnam. (big)
Petronas Twin Towers is………………….than Sears Tower. (tall)
My sister is …………………. than I. (old)
Nam is………………….than Ba. He is the ………………_ boy in Vietnam. (short)
Phanxipang is the …………………. mountain in Vietnam. (high)
These books are …………………. than those books. (thick)
It is the………………….building in this city. (tall)
The Nile River is …………………. than the Amazon River. (long)
5 2. My aunt has two _______________, one boy and one girl. ( child)
53. Do you know the _____________ of this book? (write)
54. I don’t like the ____________ weather. (rain)
55. To the right of my house there is a _________________ garden. (beauty)
56. That ___________ can play the guitar very well. ( music)
57. She plays badminton ___________ a week. (two)
58. Is Quang Ninh a ________________ province? ( mountain)
59. He greets me in a ______________ way. (friend)
60. Mr. Lam and Miss. Lan teach English very well. They are good ……. (teach)
61 My mother is a....................................................of English. (TEACH)
62. Our .....................................................are in the bookstore . (CHILD)
63. In the ................................there is a museum, a factory, and a stadium NEIGHBOUR)
64. He ..............................................................TV every evening . (WATCH)
65. AIDS is a.................................................disease. (DANGER)
66. There is a .........................................rice paddy near my house (BEAUTY)
67. His ......................................................are small and long. (FOOT) 
68. It is very ....................................................in the city. (NOISE)
69. Miss. Thuy is ...............................................her motorbike to work. (RIDE)
70. Is Mr. Quang a ...................................................

1. She ‘s beautiful with a ............................. smile. ( love )   

2.  .........................., the barber cut my hair too short. ( luck )

3.  Each of my friends has a ............................ character. ( differ )

4.  Nam is very ............................., kind and generous. ( social )

5.  My uncle often spends his free time doing volunteer work at a local .......... ( orphan ).

6. She has short .......................... hair. (curl ).

7. Trung and his brother like .............................. movies very much. (act )

8.  My brother likes acting and outdoor ..................................... ( act ).

10.  Bell ...................... demonstrated his invention. ( success ).

11.  Mr. Phong made an ...................... to see us at two o’clock. ( arrange )

12. Thomas Watson was Bell’s ......................, wasn’t he ?  ( assist )

13. There wasn’t any ...................... in our village two years ago. ( electric )

14.  “The lost shoe”  is one of the ..........................stories I like best. ( tradition )

15. Everyone was ............................. at the soccer match. ( excite ).

16.  Marconi was the ......................... of radio. ( invent )

17. The ........................... of radio was made by Marconi. ( invent )

18. Alexander G.B ............................. demonstrates his invention. ( success )

20. We have two postal ........................ each day. ( deliver )

21.  I’m going to the shop for a rice ........................ . ( cook )

22.  Be careful to cover the ....... sockets for the safety of the children. ( electric )

23. The music is beautiful. It makes the movie ......................... ( forget )

24.  In order to save the ...., remember to turn off the lights before going out. ( electric )

26.  His broken arm was still ............................. ( pain).

28. The tiger wanted to see the farmer’s .............................. ( wise ).

32. He is an .......................... student. ( excellence )

33. Thank you for your ............................... party. ( enjoy )

39. I can do all the excercises ........................... ( easy )

44. Who is the .................. of this car ? ( own )

45. There are not enough doctors in this ..................... ( neighbor)

46.  The ......... in the area are against the building of the new high way. ( reside )

51. It is ............................ than usual in my town today.  ( busy )

52. School days are the ................................ days of my life. ( happy )

53.  Who is ........................., Tom or Tim ? ( good )

54. She lives in the ........................... house of the village.  ( large )

55. Going on a trip is .................................. than staying at home. ( interesting )

56.The people in the country are very open and ( friend ) ...............................

59. Air ........................ is a big problem in the city nowadays. ( pollute )

61. Mr. Tan teaches ........................ sciences. ( nature )

65. We live in a rather rich .................................. ( neighbor )

68. It’s .................... to cross the avenue. ( dager )

70. Sapa is a wonderful ................................ resort in VietNam. ( mountain )

74.   Some of my ........................... are going to my birthday party. ( class )

104.  When I go to the library, I sit and read about …..things (WONDER)

105.  Ask the …….if you can borrow this book (LIBRARY)

106.  We have a ……who comes twice a week (GARDEN)

1. She ‘s beautiful with a ............................. smile. ( love )   

2.  .........................., the barber cut my hair too short. ( luck )

3.  Each of my friends has a ............................ character. ( differ )

4.  Nam is very ............................., kind and generous. ( social )

5.  My uncle often spends his free time doing volunteer work at a local .......... ( orphan ).

6. She has short .......................... hair. (curl ).

7. Trung and his brother like .............................. movies very much. (act )

8.  My brother likes acting and outdoor ..................................... ( act ).

10.  Bell ...................... demonstrated his invention. ( success ).

11.  Mr. Phong made an ...................... to see us at two o’clock. ( arrange )

12. Thomas Watson was Bell’s ......................, wasn’t he ?  ( assist )

13. There wasn’t any ...................... in our village two years ago. ( electric )

14.  “The lost shoe”  is one of the ..........................stories I like best. ( tradition )

15. Everyone was ............................. at the soccer match. ( excite ).

16.  Marconi was the ......................... of radio. ( invent )

17. The ........................... of radio was made by Marconi. ( invent )

18. Alexander G.B ............................. demonstrates his invention. ( success )

20. We have two postal ........................ each day. ( deliver )

21.  I’m going to the shop for a rice ........................ . ( cook )

22.  Be careful to cover the ....... sockets for the safety of the children. ( electric )

23. The music is beautiful. It makes the movie ......................... ( forget )

24.  In order to save the ...., remember to turn off the lights before going out. ( electric )

26.  His broken arm was still ............................. ( pain).

28. The tiger wanted to see the farmer’s .............................. ( wise ).

32. He is an .......................... student. ( excellence )

33. Thank you for your ............................... party. ( enjoy )

39. I can do all the excercises ........................... ( easy )

44. Who is the .................. of this car ? ( own )

45. There are not enough doctors in this ..................... ( neighbor)

46.  The ......... in the area are against the building of the new high way. ( reside )

51. It is ............................ than usual in my town today.  ( busy )

52. School days are the ................................ days of my life. ( happy )

53.  Who is ........................., Tom or Tim ? ( good )

54. She lives in the ........................... house of the village.  ( large )

55. Going on a trip is .................................. than staying at home. ( interesting )

56.The people in the country are very open and ( friend ) ...............................

59. Air ........................ is a big problem in the city nowadays. ( pollute )

61. Mr. Tan teaches ........................ sciences. ( nature )

65. We live in a rather rich .................................. ( neighbor )

68. It’s .................... to cross the avenue. ( dager )

70. Sapa is a wonderful ...................

1. She ‘s beautiful with a ............................. smile. ( love )   

2.  .........................., the barber cut my hair too short. ( luck )

3.  Each of my friends has a ............................ character. ( differ )

4.  Nam is very ............................., kind and generous. ( social )

5.  My uncle often spends his free time doing volunteer work at a local .......... ( orphan ).

6. She has short .......................... hair. (curl ).

7. Trung and his brother like .............................. movies very much. (act )

8.  My brother likes acting and outdoor ..................................... ( act ).

10.  Bell ...................... demonstrated his invention. ( success ).

11.  Mr. Phong made an ...................... to see us at two o’clock. ( arrange )

12. Thomas Watson was Bell’s ......................, wasn’t he ?  ( assist )

13. There wasn’t any ...................... in our village two years ago. ( electric )

14.  “The lost shoe”  is one of the ..........................stories I like best. ( tradition )

15. Everyone was ............................. at the soccer match. ( excite ).

16.  Marconi was the ......................... of radio. ( invent )

17. The ........................... of radio was made by Marconi. ( invent )

18. Alexander G.B ............................. demonstrates his invention. ( success )

20. We have two postal ........................ each day. ( deliver )

21.  I’m going to the shop for a rice ........................ . ( cook )

22.  Be careful to cover the ....... sockets for the safety of the children. ( electric )

23. The music is beautiful. It makes the movie ......................... ( forget )

24.  In order to save the ...., remember to turn off the lights before going out. ( electric )

26.  His broken arm was still ............................. ( pain).

28. The tiger wanted to see the farmer’s .............................. ( wise ).

32. He is an .......................... student. ( excellence )

33. Thank you for your ............................... party. ( enjoy )

39. I can do all the excercises ........................... ( easy )

44. Who is the .................. of this car ? ( own )

45. There are not enough doctors in this ..................... ( neighbor)

46.  The ......... in the area are against the building of the new high way. ( reside )

51. It is ............................ than usual in my town today.  ( busy )

52. School days are the ................................ days of my life. ( happy )

53.  Who is ........................., Tom or Tim ? ( good )

54. She lives in the ........................... house of the village.  ( large )

55. Going on a trip is .................................. than staying at home. ( interesting )

56.The people in the country are very open and ( friend ) ...............................

59. Air ........................ is a big problem in the city nowadays. ( pollute )

61. Mr. Tan teaches ........................ sciences. ( nature )

65. We live in a rather rich .................................. ( neighbor )

68. It’s .................... to cross the avenue. ( dager )

70. Sapa is a wonderful ................................ resort in VietNam. ( mountain )

74.   Some of my ........................... are going to my birthday party. ( class )

104.  When I go to the library, I sit and read about …..things (WONDER)

105.  Ask the …….if you can borrow this book (LIBRARY)

106.  We have a ……who comes twice a week (GARDEN)

1. She ‘s beautiful with a ............................. smile. ( love )   

2.  .........................., the barber cut my hair too short. ( luck )

3.  Each of my friends has a ............................ character. ( differ )

4.  Nam is very ............................., kind and generous. ( social )

5.  My uncle often spends his free time doing volunteer work at a local .......... ( orphan ).

6. She has short .......................... hair. (curl ).

7. Trung and his brother like .............................. movies very much. (act )

8.  My brother likes acting and outdoor ..................................... ( act ).

10.  Bell ...................... demonstrated his invention. ( success ).

11.  Mr. Phong made an ...................... to see us at two o’clock. ( arrange )

12. Thomas Watson was Bell’s ......................, wasn’t he ?  ( assist )

13. There wasn’t any ...................... in our village two years ago. ( electric )

14.  “The lost shoe”  is one of the ..........................stories I like best. ( tradition )

15. Everyone was ............................. at the soccer match. ( excite ).

16.  Marconi was the ......................... of radio. ( invent )

17. The ........................... of radio was made by Marconi. ( invent )

18. Alexander G.B ............................. demonstrates his invention. ( success )

20. We have two postal ........................ each day. ( deliver )

21.  I’m going to the shop for a rice ........................ . ( cook )

22.  Be careful to cover the ....... sockets for the safety of the children. ( electric )

23. The music is beautiful. It makes the movie ......................... ( forget )

24.  In order to save the ...., remember to turn off the lights before going out. ( electric )

26.  His broken arm was still ............................. ( pain).

28. The tiger wanted to see the farmer’s .............................. ( wise ).

32. He is an .......................... student. ( excellence )

33. Thank you for your ............................... party. ( enjoy )

39. I can do all the excercises ........................... ( easy )

44. Who is the .................. of this car ? ( own )

45. There are not enough doctors in this ..................... ( neighbor)

46.  The ......... in the area are against the building of the new high way. ( reside )

51. It is ............................ than usual in my town today.  ( busy )

52. School days are the ................................ days of my life. ( happy )

53.  Who is ........................., Tom or Tim ? ( good )

54. She lives in the ........................... house of the village.  ( large )

55. Going on a trip is .................................. than staying at home. ( interesting )

56.The people in the country are very open and ( friend ) ...............................

59. Air ........................ is a big problem in the city nowadays. ( pollute )

61. Mr. Tan teaches ........................ sciences. ( nature )

65. We live in a rather rich .................................. ( neighbor )

68. It’s .................... to cross the avenue. ( dager )

70. Sapa is a wonderful ................................ resort in VietNam. ( mountain )

74.   Some of my ........................... are going to my birthday party. ( class )

104.  When I go to the library, I sit and read about …..things (WONDER)

105.  Ask the …….if you can borrow this book (LIBRARY)

106.  We have a ……who comes twice a week (GARDEN)

............. resort in VietNam. ( mountain )

74.   Some of my ........................... are going to my birthday party. ( class )

104.  When I go to the library, I sit and read about …..things (WONDER)

105.  Ask the …….if you can borrow this book (LIBRARY)

106.  We have a ……who comes twice a week (GARDEN)

Viết lại các câu sau mà ko làm thay đổi nghĩa của chúng:

1.The river is behind my house→My house

2.The trees are tall→They

4.My sister walks to school→My sister

5.The flowers are beautiful→They are

6.The well is to the right of Minh's house→Minh's house

7The tall trees are behind the house→The house

8.There twenty-eight classsrooms in her school→Her school

9.The school is big→It

10.She leaves home at seven forty-five→She leaves home at a

11.This house is small→It's

12.My school has three floors→There are

13.The yard is in front of the house→The house

14.That student walks to school→That student

15.What is there in front of your house?→

16.Are there forty students in your class?→

17.There are beautiful flowers in the yard→The yard

18.The house is in front of the tall trees→The tall trees

19.My school has forty classrooms→There are

20.The bookstoreis in front of the restaurant→The restaurant

21.I walk to school→I go

22.This school is big→It's

B. READING (30 points) Choose the word which best fits each gap. I live in a house near the sea. It is (21) ________ old house, about 100 years old and (22) ________ very small. There are two bedrooms upstairs (23) ________ no bathroom. The bathroom is downstairs (24) ________ the kitchen and there is a living room where there is a lovely old fire place. There is a garden (25) ________ the house. The garden (26) ________ down to the beach and in spring and summer (27) ________ flowers everywhere. I live alone (28) ________ my dog, Rack, but we have a lot of visitors. My city friends often stay with (29) ________. I love my house for (30) ________ reasons: the garden, the flowers in summer, the fire in winter, but the best thing is the view from my bedroom window. 21. A. a B. an C. the D. any 22. A. It's B. It C. there's D. They're 23. A. and B. or C. but D. too 24. A. between B. next C. near to D. next to 25. A. in front B. front of C. of front in D. in front of 26. A. go B. going C. goes D. in goes 3 27. A. these are B. they are C. there are D. those are 28. A. for B. of C. on D. with 29. A. me B. I C. my D. I'm 30. A. a B. any C. many D. a lot Read the passage carefully and answer the questions below. Hoa’s family lives in a beautiful house in the country. There are many flowers in front of her house. Behind the house, there is a well. To the right of the house, there is a rice-paddy and to the left of the house, there are tall trees. It’s very quiet here and Hoa loves her house very much. Hoa’s father is a worker. He works in a big factory. Every day, he travels to work by motorbike. He works in his factory from Monday to Friday. He doesn’t work on Saturdays and Sundays. 31. What are there in front of her house? ________________________________________________________________________________ 32. Is there a paddy field to the right of the house? ________________________________________________________________________________ 33. What does Hoa’s father do? ________________________________________________________________________________ 34. How does he travel to work? ________________________________________________________________________________ 35. When does he work in the factory? ________________________________________________________________________________ C. WRITING (30 points) Make the question for the underlined words or phrases. 36. It takes Dr. Phong 10 minutes to fill Van’s tooth. ________________________________________________________________________________ 37. Nga went to see the dentist last week. ________________________________________________________________________________ 38. Dr. Lai will check your teeth. ________________________________________________________________________________ 4 39. I feel sick after eating that food. ________________________________________________________________________________ Rewrite the sentences keeping the meaning unchanged. 40. I don’t have a television set in my dining room. There __________________________________________________________________________ 41. Her favourite room in the house is her bedroom. She ____________________________________________________________________________ 42. The bookshop is behind Lan’s house. Lan’s house ____________________________________________________________________ Complete the sentences with the given words 43. They/ moving / new/ apartment/ next/ week/. ________________________________________________________________________________ 44. pet dog/ is/ at/ back/ computer/. ________________________________________________________________________________ 45. you / can/ see/ nice picture/ wall /? ________________________________________________________________________________ 46. There /not/ wardrobe/ Minh /room/. ________________________________________________________________________________ Reorder the following words to make meaningful sentences. 47. house/ a/ Minh/ lake/ a/ lives/ in/ near. ________________________________________________________________________________ 48. many/ right/ the/ museum/ Are/ flowers/ the/ there/ to/ of/? ________________________________________________________________________________ 49. his/ friend/ in/ family/ My/ Hanoi/ doesn’t/ with/ live. ________________________________________________________________________________ 50. next/ photocopy/ What/ store/ there/ the/ is/ to /? _______________________________________________________________________________

II. Read the following passage and answer the following questions. Write your answers in the provided space.
(1pt.)

SLEEPY TEENS

When school superintendent Russell Dever enters the local coffee shop at around 7:20 A.M., it is crowded with
students. “The line is out the door because our high school kids are getting coffee,” he said. And they are not standing in line
for the decaf – they need the caffeine to stay awake in class. Talk to American high school students and you hear the
complaints about how late they stay up, how little they sleep – and how early they must be in class.
These days, there is increasing concern in schools across the United States about students who are not completely
awake in morning classes. School officials in some states have even changed start times so teenagers can sleep later.
According to sleep expert Mary Carskadon, the fact that many teenagers work long hours outside of the school and have
computers and televisions in their bedrooms contributes to a serious lack of sleep. But, she said, the problem is also due to
biology. As the bodies of teenagers develop, their brains also change. These changes make teens more likely than adults to
have trouble sleeping at night.
Teenagers need at least eight to nine hours of sleep a night, but the average teen gets a lot less. Carskadon’s
study, completed in the fall of 2001 with researcher Amy Wolfson, showed that nearly 30 percent of students in the tenth

grade slept less than six hours on school nights. Less than 15 percent got more than eight hours of sleep each night. Eighth-
graders averaged eight hours of sleep a night, although that age group, she said, needs at least nine hours a night. Even

more remarkable are the results of a 1997-1998 school year study. In that study, 12 out of 24 U.S. high school students who
were part of an experiment at a sleep laboratory had brain wave patterns similar to those of someone with narcolepsy, a
serious condition that affects sleep. “What’s going in on is that at 8:30 in the morning these kids ... would normally be in
school sitting in a classroom, but ... their brain is still in the middle of the night,” said Carskadon.
Parent Dawn Dow says her son just cannot go to bed before 10 P.M. “Last year he was trying to put himself to bed
at 8:30 and was coming in 9:30 and 10 in tears saying, ‘I just can’t go to sleep.’ It is not a case of children wanting to be up
late ... It is a change in his chemistry.”
So would letting teenagers wake up later make a difference? Kyla Wahlstrom of the University of Minnesota in the
United States studies the effects of changing school starts time. She has looked at students in Edina and Minneapolis, two
cities in Minnesota, where public school officials have moved high school starting times past 8:30 A.M. In Minneapolis, the
middle school begins at 9:30 A.M. She said the later starting times have reduced students absences. They have also lowered
dropout rates by 8 percent over four years. In addition, she said, teachers report that students are not sleeping at their desks

during the first two hours of class anymore. She said 92 percent of parents from Edina reported that their teenagers are
easier to live with. The students reported that they were feeling less depressed and were getting better grades.
Big changes in school start times may not be possible in some areas. However, Wahlstrom said her research
shows that even small changes can contribute to a solution to this serious problem.
Questions 1 to 6: Decide if the following statements are true, false, or not given according to the information
in the reading passage. Write T (true), F (false), or NG (not given) in the provided space.
Question 1 Most teenagers sleep more than they should.
Question 2 There are scientific reasons that explain why teenagers have difficulty sleeping at night.
Question 3 The brains of teenagers are the same as the brains of adults.
Question 4 Teenagers can do their best schoolwork in the early morning.
Question 5 Some schools start their classes later so that teenage students can get more sleep in the morning.
Question 6 Many parents do not want high school officials to change school start times.