a, Ta có: \(4\equiv1\left(mod3\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow4^{2018}\equiv1\left(mod3\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow4^{2018}-1⋮3\)

b, Ta có: \(5\equiv1\left(mod4\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow5^{2019}\equiv1\left(mod4\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow5^{2019}-1⋮4\)

c, \(4\equiv-1\left(mod5\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow4^{2019}\equiv-1\left(mod5\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow4^{2019}+1⋮5\)

d, \(5\equiv-1\left(mod6\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow5^{2017}\equiv-1\left(mod6\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow5^{2017}+1⋮6\)

1. Vì \(4\) chia \(3\) dư \(1\)

\(\Rightarrow4^{2018}\) chia \(3\) dư \(1^{2018}=1.\)

\(\Rightarrow4^{2018}-1\) chia hết cho \(3.\)

a)Vì 4 chia 3 dư 1

=>4^2018 chia 3 dư 1^2018=1

=>462018-1 chia hết cho 3

b)Ta có:
5^2019=(5^2)^1009*5

            =25^1009*5

             =...25*5

            =...25

=>5^2019-1=...24

Vì 2 cs tận cùng của ...24 là 24 chia hết cho 4

=>5^2019-1 chia hết cho 4

Vậy......

Ta có:

\(4^{2018}-1=4^{2018}-4^{2017}+4^{2017}-4^{2016}+4^{2016}-4^{2015}+...+4-1\)

\(=4^{2017}\left(4-1\right)+4^{2016}\left(4-1\right)+4^{2015}\left(4-1\right)+...+1.\left(4-1\right)\)

\(=\left(4-1\right)\left(4^{2017}+4^{2016}+4^{2015}+...+1\right)=3\left(4^{2017}+4^{2016}+4^{2015}+...+1\right)⋮3\)

Vậy \(4^{2018}-1⋮3\)

Chứng minh tương tự \(5^{2019}-1⋮4\)

a) Lập bảng

Ta có: 2018 : 4 = 504 (dư 2)

Suy ra \(2017^{2018}+2019^{2018}= \overline{...9}+\overline{...1}=\overline{...0}\)

Vậy 2017²⁰¹⁸ + 2019²⁰¹⁸ chia hết cho 10

b) Làm tương tự như câu a)

\(4^{2019}+1\)

Xét:

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}4^1=4=\overline{...4}\\4^2=16=\overline{...6}\\4^3=64=\overline{...4}\\4^4=256=\overline{...6}\end{matrix}\right.\)

Từ đó ta có nhận xét:

\(4\) lũy thừa lẻ thì có tận cùng = 4,lũy thừa chẵn thì có tận cùng =6

\(2019\) là số lẻ

\(\Rightarrow4^{2019}=\overline{...4}\)

\(\Rightarrow4^{2019}+1=\overline{...5}\)

\(\Rightarrow4^{2019}+1⋮5\Rightarrowđpcm\)

a: \(4^{2019}+1=\left(4+1\right)\cdot\left(4^{2018}-4^{2017}+4^{2016}-...+1\right)\)

\(=5\cdot A⋮5\)

b: \(5^{2017}+1=\left(5+1\right)\left(5^{2016}-5^{2015}+...+1\right)\)

\(=6\cdot B⋮6\)