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dat m = 3k + r voi 0 \(\le\)r \(\le\) 2 va n = 3t + s

=> x^m  + xⁿ + 1  = x^{3k + r} + x^{3t +s} + 1 = x^3k. x^r - x^r + x^3t . x^s - x^s + x^r + x^s +1

                                                     = x^r ( x^3t -1) + x^s ( x^3t - 1) + x^r + x^s + 1

ta thay: x^3k-1 \(⋮\)  \(\left(x^2+x+1\right)\)va \(\left(x^{3t}-1\right)⋮\left(x^2+x+1\right)\) 

vay \(\left(x^m+x^n+1\right)⋮\left(x^2+x+1\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^r+x^s+1\right)⋮\left(x^2+x+1\right)\)voi \(0\le r;s\le2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow r=2;x=1\Rightarrow m=3k+2;n=3t+1\)

\(r=1;s=2\Rightarrow m=3k+1;n=3t+2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow mn-2=\left(3k+2\right)\left(3t+1\right)-2=9kt+3k+6t=3\left(3kt+k+2t\right)\)

\(mn-2=\left(3k+1\right)\left(3t+2\right)-2=9kt+6k+3t=3\left(3kt+2k+t\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(mn-2\right)⋮3\)

ap dung:  \(m=7;n=2;\Rightarrow mn-2=12⋮3\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(x^7+x^2+1\right)⋮\left(x^2+x+1\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(x^7+x^2+1\right)⋮\left(x^2+x+1\right)=x^5+x^4+x^2+x+1\)

⇒xm+xn+1=x3k+r+x3t+s+1=x3k.xr−xr+x3t.xs−xs+xr+xs+1

                                                                       =xr(x3t−1)+xs(x3t−1)+xr+xs+1

Ta thấy: (x3k−1)chia hết (x2+x+1)và (x3t−1) chia hết (x2+x+1)

Vậy: (xm+xn+1)chia hết (x2+x+1)

⇔(xr+xs+1)chia hết (x2+x+1)với 0≤r;s≤2

⇔r=2;x=1⇒m=3k+2;n=3t+1

      r=1;s=2⇒m=3k+1;n=3t+2

⇔mn−2=(3k+2)(3t+1)−2=9kt+3k+6t=3(3kt+k+2t)

      mn−2=(3k+1)(3t+2)−2=9kt+6k+3t=3(3kt+2k+t)

⇒mn−2chia hết cho 3.

Áp dụng:m=7;n=2⇒mn−2=12chia hết cho 3

⇒(x7+x2+1) chia hết cho (x2+x+1)

câu này chịu

bố nó biết

\(\left(mn-2\right)⋮3\Rightarrow mn\) chia cho 3 dư 2

Đặt \(m=3k+r;n=3p+q\left(p;q;r;k\in N;r\ne q;1\le r;q\le2\right)\)

Vì m;n bình đẳng nên giả sử \(m\ge n\) \(\Rightarrow r\ge q\Rightarrow r=1;q=2\)

Ta có : \(x^m+x^n+1=x^{3k+1}+x^{3p+2}+1\) 

\(=\left(x^{3k+1}-x\right)+\left(x^{3p+2}-x^2\right)+\left(x^2+x+1\right)\)

\(=x\left(x^{3k}-1\right)+x^2\left(x^{3p}-1\right)+\left(x^2+x+1\right)\)

Ta thấy \(x\left(x^{3k}-1\right)+x^2\left(x^{3p}-1\right)⋮x^3-1⋮x^2+x+1\)

\(\Rightarrow\)\(x\left(x^{3k}-1\right)+x^2\left(x^{3p}-1\right)+\left(x^2+x+1\right)⋮\left(x^2+x+1\right)\)

Hay \(x^m+x^n+1⋮x^2+x+1\)

Đặt \(m=3k+r\)với \(0\le r\le2\)        \(n=3t+s\)với \(0\le s\le2\)

\(\Rightarrow x^m+x^n+1=x^{3k+r}+x^{3t+s}+1=x^{3k}+x^r-x^r+x^{3t}x^s-x^s+x^r+x^s+1\)

\(=x^r\left(x^{3k}-1\right)+x^s\left(x^{3t}-1\right)+x^r+x^s+1\)

Ta thấy : \(\left(x^{3k}-1\right)⋮\left(x^2+x+1\right)\)và \(\left(x^{3t}-1\right)⋮\left(x^2+x+1\right)\)

Vậy : \(\left(x^m+x^n+1\right)⋮\left(x^2+x+1\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^r+x^s+1\right)⋮\left(x^2+x+1\right)\)với \(0\le r;s\le2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}r=2\\r=1\end{cases}}\)và\(\hept{\begin{cases}s=1\\s=2\end{cases}}\)\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}m=3k+2\\m=3k+1\end{cases}}\)và\(\hept{\begin{cases}n=3t+1\\n=3t+2\end{cases}}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}mn-2=\left(3k+2\right)\left(3t+1\right)-2=9kt+3k+6t=3\left(3kt+k+2t\right)\\mn-2=\left(3k+1\right)\left(3t+2\right)-2=9kt+6k+3t=3\left(3kt+2k+t\right)\end{cases}}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(mn-2\right)⋮3\)Điều phải chứng minh 

Áp dụng : \(m=7;n=2\Rightarrow mn-2=12:3\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(x^7+x^2+1\right)⋮\left(x^2+x+1\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(x^7+x^2+1\right):\left(x^2+x+1\right)=x^5+x^4+x^2+x+1\)