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a)
Gọi $n_{Zn} = a(mol) ; n_{Al} = b(mol) \Rightarrow 65a + 27b = 11,9(1)$
$Zn + 2HCl \to ZnCl_2 + H_2$
$2Al + 6HCl \to 2AlCl_3 + 3H_2$
Theo PTHH :
$n_{H_2} = a + 1,5b = \dfrac{8,96}{22,4} = 0,4(2)$
Từ (1)(2) suy ra : a = 0,1; b = 0,2
$m_{Zn} = 0,1.65 = 6,5(gam)$
$m_{Al} = 0,2.27 = 5,4(gam)$
b) $n_{HCl} = 2n_{H_2} = 0,8(mol)$
$C\%_{HCl} = \dfrac{0,8.36,5}{125}.100\% = 23,36\%$
Câu 2:
\(n_{AgNO_3}=\dfrac{25,5}{170}=0,15(mol)\\ PTHH:NaCl+AgNO_3\to AgCl\downarrow +NaNO_3\\ \Rightarrow m_{NaCl}=0,15.58,5=8,775(g)\)
Câu 3:
\(a,\)Đặt \(\begin{cases} n_{Mg}=x(mol)\\ n_{Zn}=y(mol) \end{cases} \Rightarrow 24x+65y=15,75(1)\)
\(PTHH:Mg+2HCl\to MgCl_2+H_2\\ Zn+2HCl\to ZnCl_2+H_2\\ \Rightarrow 95x+136y=44,15(2)\\ (1)(2)\Rightarrow \begin{cases} x=0,25(mol)\\ y=0,15(mol) \end{cases} \Rightarrow \begin{cases} \%_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,25.24}{15,75}.100\%=38,1\%\\ \%_{Zn}=100\%=38,1\%=61,9\% \end{cases} \)
\(b,\Sigma n_{HCl}=2n_{Mg}+2n_{Zn}=0,8(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{dd_{HCl}}=\dfrac{36,5.0,8}{10\%}=292(g)\)
1. Chất khử: Al
Chất oxi hóa: HNO3
\(Al\rightarrow Al^{3+}+3e|\times8\\ N^{+5}+8e\rightarrow N^{-3}|\times3\)
8Al + 30HNO3 → 8Al(NO3)3 + 3NH4NO3 + 9H2O.
2. Chất khử: Mg
Chất oxi hóa: HNO3
\(Mg\rightarrow Mg^{2+}+2e|\times3\\ N^{+5}+3e\rightarrow N^{+2}|\times2\)
3Mg + 8HNO3 → 3Mg(NO3)2 + 2NO + 4H2O.
3. Chất khử: Mg
Chất oxi hóa: H2SO4
\(Mg\rightarrow Mg^{2+}+2e|\times8\\ S^{+6}+8e\rightarrow S^{-2}|\times2\)
8Mg + 10H2SO4 → 8MgSO4 + 2H2S + 8H2O.
4.Chất khử: Fe
Chất oxi hóa: H2SO4
\(2Fe\rightarrow Fe^{3+}_2+6e|\times1\\ S^{+6}+2e\rightarrow S^{+4}|\times3\)
2Fe + 6H2SO4 → Fe2 (SO4)3 + 3SO2 + 6H2O.
Câu 2:
\(n_{Cl_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3(mol)\\ PTHH:2Fe+3Cl_2\xrightarrow{t^o} 2FeCl_3\\ \Rightarrow n_{Fe}=0,2(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m=m_{Fe}=0,2.56=11,2(g)\)
Câu 3:
Đặt \(\begin{cases} n_{Fe}=x(mol)\\ n_{Mg}=y(mol) \end{cases} \)
\(a,n_{H_2}=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25(mol) PTHH:Fe+2HCl\to FeCl_2+H_2\\ Mg+2HCl\to MgCl_2+H_2\\ \Rightarrow \begin{cases} 56x+24y=10,16\\ x+y=0,25 \end{cases} \Rightarrow\begin{cases} x=0,13(mol)\\ y=0,12(mol) \end{cases}\\ \Rightarrow \begin{cases} \%_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,13.56}{10,16}.100\%=71,65\%\\ \%_{Mg}=100\%-71,65\%=28,35\% \end{cases}\\ b,\Sigma n_{HCl}=2n_{Fe}+2n_{Mg}=0,5(mol)\\ \Rightarrow C_{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0,5}{0,5}=1M\)
Bài 1:
\(n_{HCl}=2.0,16=0,32\left(mol\right);n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3,584}{22,4}=0,16\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Mg + 2HCl → MgCl2 + H2
PTHH: Fe + 2HCl → FeCl2 + H2
\(m_{H_2}=0,16.2=0,32\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{HCl}=0,32.36,5=11,68\left(g\right)\)
Theo ĐLBTKL ta có: \(m_{MgCl_2+FeCl_2}=1,4+11,68-0,32=12,76\left(g\right)\)
Bài 12:
Theo ĐLBTKL, ta có:
\(m_{hhkl}+m_{O_2}=m_{hh.oxit}\\ \Leftrightarrow11,9+m_{O_2}=18,3\\ \Leftrightarrow m_{O_2}=18,3-11,9=6,4\left(g\right)\\ n_{O_2}=\dfrac{6,4}{32}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ V_{O_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,2.22,4=4,48\left(l\right)\)
Fe+2HCl->FeCl2+H2
x---2x-----------x
Mg+2HCl->MgCl2+H2
y------2y-----------y
Ta có :
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}56x+24y=24\\x+y=\dfrac{13,44}{22,4}\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>x=0,3 mol, y=0,3 mol
=>%m Fe=\(\dfrac{0,3.56}{24}.100\)=70%
=>%m Mg=100-70=30%
=>VHCl=\(\dfrac{0,3.2+0,3.2}{2}\)=0,6l=600ml
b)
XCl2+2AgNO3->2AgCl+X(NO3)2
0,6--------------------1,2mol
=>m AgCl=1,2.143,5=172,2g
\(2Al+6HCl->2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ Fe+2HCl->FeCl_2+H_2\\ n_{Al}=a;n_{Fe}=b\\ 27a+56b=8,3\\ 1,5a+b=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25\\ a=b=0,1\\ m_{Al}=27\cdot0,1=2,7g\\ m_{Fe}=8,3-2,7=5,6g\\ a=\dfrac{3a+2b}{500}\cdot36,5=3,65\%\\ m_{ddsau}=508,3-0,25\cdot2=507,8g\\ C\%_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{133,5a}{507,8}=2,63\%\\ C\%_{FeCl_2}=\dfrac{127b}{507,8}=2,50\%\)
\(a)\\ Zn + 2HCl \to ZnCl_2 + H_2\\ 2Al + 6HCl \to 2AlCl_3 + 3H_2\)
\(b)\ n_{Zn} = a\ mol\ ;\ n_{Al} = b\ mol\\ \Rightarrow65a + 27b = 6,6(1)\\ n_{H_2} = a + 1,5b = \dfrac{4,704}{22,4} = 0,21(2)\\ (1)(2)\Rightarrow a = 0,06 ; b = 0,1\\ \Rightarrow m_{Zn} = 0,06.65 = 3,9\ gam\ ;\ m_{Al} = 0,1.27 = 2,7\ gam\)
\(n_{Zn}=a\left(mol\right),n_{Al}=b\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_X=65a+27b=6.6\left(g\right)\left(1\right)\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{4.704}{22.4}=0.21\left(mol\right)\)
\(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
\(\Rightarrow a+1.5b=0.21\left(2\right)\)
\(\left(1\right),\left(2\right):\)
\(a=0.06\)
\(b=0.1\)
\(m_{Zn}=0.06\cdot65=3.9\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{Al}=0.1\cdot27=2.7\left(g\right)\)
Câu 2: Một nguyên tố R tạo hợp chất khí với hiđro có công thức RH3. Nguy
Câu 3:
\(a,\) Đặt \(\begin{cases} n_{Fe}=x(mol)\\ n_{Al}=y(mol) \end{cases} \Rightarrow 56x+27y=22(1)\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{17,92}{22,4}=0,8(mol)\\ PTHH:Fe+2HCl\to FeCl_2+H_2\\ 2Al+6HCl\to 2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ \Rightarrow x+1,5y=0,8(2)\\ (1)(2)\Rightarrow \begin{cases} x=0,2(mol)\\ y=0,4(mol) \end{cases} \Rightarrow \begin{cases} \%_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,2.56}{22}.100\%=50,91\%\\ \%_{Al}=100\%-50,91\%=49,09\% \end{cases}\)
\(b,\Sigma n_{HCl}=2n_{Fe}+3n_{Al}=1,6(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{dd_{HCl}}=\dfrac{1,6.36,5}{3,7\%}=1578,38(g)\)