2. Read the text and choose the best tittle for it.

(Đọc văn bản và chọn tiêu đề hay nhất.)

a. Environmental problems: What are they?

b. Environmental protection: How important is it?

c. Environmental solutions: How practical are they?

The environment we live in is facing many serious problems. We need to be aware of these problems so that we can find ways to protect nature.

A. Global warming is the rise in the average temperature of the earth's atmosphere. It is one of the biggest issues facing humans today. It can have serious consequences such as rising sea levels, polar ice melting, and extreme weather events like floods or heatwaves.

B. Another environmental problem is the cutting and clearing of natural forests. The loss of forests can have a negative impact on the environment. It can damage the natural habitats of many animals and put wildlife in danger. It can also destroy the natural soil and lead to climate change.

C. Air pollution is also a serious problem. It is mainly caused by waste gases that come out of vehicles, machines, or factories. When these harmful gases combine with the water in the air, they come down as rain or snow, which can damage all forms of life. In addition, this problem leads to global warming and climate change. It is also a major cause of respiratory diseases or even lung cancer.

D. Around the world, the number of endangered animals is rising. Many of them disappear because of pollution and climate change. In addition, humans illegally hunt and kill animals, and catch too many fish at once. This is upsetting the natural balance of ecosystems, which can be harmful to all living and non-living things.

1. The chemical ____ from cars and factories make the air, water and soil dangerously dirty. A. pollution B. polluted C. pollutants D. pollute 2. ____ heat comes from deep inside the earth. A. Geothermal B. Solar C. Nuclear D. Hydro 3. Most people buy their houses with a loan which they then pay back ____ 25 years. A. over B. during C. with D. when 4. He is very good at ____________ people singing with his guitar. A. making B. getting C. accompanying D. having 5. “Shall we go out tonight?” - “_____________.” A. Yes, I can B. Yes, we are C. Yes, we go D. Yes, let’s 6. All three TV channels provide extensive ____ of sporting events. A. broadcast B. network C. coverage D. vision 7. Your grandfather is rather tired so do not _____ your visit. Let him have a rest. A. prolong B. lengthen C. delay D. shorten 8. It was only _____ he told me his surname that I realized that we had been to the same school. A. then B. until C. as soon as D. when 9. He got an excellent grade in his examination _____ the fact that he had not worked particularly hard. A. on account of B. because of C. in spite of D. although 10. My father is an ____________ guitarist. A. accomplishing B. accomplished C. accomplish D. accomplishment

when you are....by an american host or hostess, you can bring gifts when coming to visit them. You should offer to help them in the same ways by asking. If there is anything you can do in the .....In many cases, the genture is more important than actually helping. Moreover, you should know about the American.....so as not to make them uncomfortable without meaning to or without even realizing it. People in the U.S. think that it is necessary to try to make others feel comfortable and relaxed. On the whole, they tend to be informal. Men shake hands only when they are.....When a woman and a man are introduced, shaking hands depends on the woman

1 A.called B.invited C.welcome D.introduced

2 A.home B.house C.kitchen D.living-room

3 A.hosts and hostess B.people C.parties D.culture

4 A.introduced B.mentioned C.told to each other D.meeting

Giúp mình với

Frogs are amphibians, meaning that they can live both in and out of the water. All frogs lay their eggs in the water, and a female frog will lay thousands of eggs at a time. When the eggs hatch, (1)_____ come out are not frogs but rather tadpoles. Unlike frogs, tadpoles must spend all their time in the (2)_____, being unable to breathe air at this point. Tadpoles also lack arms and legs, and have a tail which they (3)_____ as they develop into frogs. Tadpoles are herbivours, which means that they only eat (4)_____. Specially, tadpoles eat algae, a water plant which can be harmful if there is too much of it. (5)_____, tadpoles are important to keep most ponds healthy.

As tadpoles develop into mature frogs, they develop the lungs which allow them to (6)______ air, and the arms and legs which allow them to move across (7)_____. At this point the mature frogs leave the ponds, (8)_____ some species stay near the water for their entire lives. Mature frogs are carnivores, (9)_____ insects and small fish. Most frogs hunt using their long, sticky tongueto catch their prey. Some species of frogs have developed extremely strong poisons to defend (10)_____ from their other animals.

Not so long ago, people only used the telephone bự make phone calls. Now, thanks bự computers, people use their phones bự do much more. They can bank by phone, rent videos by phone, and event cửa hàng by phone. It is also possible bự send letters and reports by faxing them over telephone lines. People can even use phone lines bự send message from one computer bự another computer by electric mail, or e-mail.

But you don’t need bự be at home or at the office bự use the phone anymore. You can carry a cellular phone in your pocket or keep one in your car. With a cellular phone, anyone who can talk and walk can also phone and walk. You don’t have bự look for a pay phone bự make a call anymore. Now you can take your calls with you anymore.

Câu 41: With a cellular phone you can …

A. only take photos.                                               B. only carry it in your pocket.

C. make a call phone everywhere you want.     D. only keep it in your car.

Câu 42: People didn’t use bự …

A. make phone calls only in the office.               B. cửa hàng by phone.

C. make only phone calls with the telephone.   D. make phone calls only at home.

Câu 43: The word “pay phone” means ….

A. you can phone miễn phí of charge.                        B. you pay for the call.

C. the phone pays you.                                         D. you don’t pay for the call.

Câu 44: The main topic of the passage is …

A. the convenience of a cellular phone.             B. the use of a telephone in the past.

C. current use of telephones.                               D. the use of a cellular phone.

Câu 45: What are advantages of having a cell phone?

A. You can keep it in you car.                               B. You can carry it in your pocket.

C. With it, you can phone and walk.                    D. All A, B and C.

I. Fill each of the numbered blanks in the following passage with a suitable word.

About two hundred years ago, man lived ....................... (1) greater harmony with his environment ....................... (2) industry was not much developed. Today the situation is quite ....................... (3). People all over the world are worried about what is happening to the ....................... (4), because of modern industry and the need for more and more energy. Newspapers and magazines ....................... (5) about water pollution, air pollution, and land pollution.

Why is there so much discussion about ....................... (6)? After all, people have been polluting the world ....................... (7) them for thousands and thousands of years. But in the ....................... (8), there were not ....................... (9) people and there was lots of room in the world so people could move to another place ....................... (10) their settlements became dirty.

Now, however, many parts of the world are ....................... (11). People live in big cities and much of our waste, especially ....................... (12) from factories, electric power stations, the chemical industry and heavy industry ....................... (13) very dangerous. Fish die in the lakes, rivers, and seas; forest trees die too. Much of this ....................... (14) waste goes into the air and is carried by the ....................... (15) for great distances.

Conservation is the safeguarding and preservation(1)...............natural resources, so that they can continue to e used and enjoyed. In the past, most people believed that the world's resources could never(2).................used up. Today, we know that is not true. An important part of conservation is the prevention of waste - waste of forest, soil, wild - life, minerals(3).............human lives. As important is the fight against pollution of our(4)..........., in particular, the dirtying and poisoning of air and water. Conservation is(5).........concerned with the reclaiming of land by irrigating deserts, draining swamps or pushing back the sea.

 We are all slowly destroying the earth. The seas and rivers are too dirty to swim in. There is so much smoke in the air that it is unhealthy to live in many of the world’s cities. In one well-known city, for example, poisonous gases from cars pollute the air so much that traffic policemen have to wear oxygen masks.

       We have cut down so many trees that there are now vast areas of wasteland all over the world. As a result, farmers in parts of Africa cannot grow enough to eat. In certain countries in Asia there is too little rice. Moreover, we do not take enough care of the countryside. Wild animals are quickly disappearing. For instance, tigers are rare in India now because we have killed too many for them to survive. However, it isn’t enough simply to talk about the problem. We must act now before it is too late to do anything about it. Join us now. Save the Earth. This is too important to ignore.

Câu 7. How are the seas and rivers nowadays?

       A. are contaminated                                             B. cannot be swum in

       C. are dirty enough to swim in                            D. are less dirty than they used to be

Câu 8. What do traffic policemen have to do, in one well-known city?

       A. They have to cut down many trees.    B. They don’t take enough care of the countryside

       C. They have to pollute the air                D. They have to wear oxygen masks.

Câu 9. Why do farmers in parts of Africa and Asia not grow enough to eat?

       A. Because people cut down many trees

       B. Because there are large areas of land that can’t be used

       C. Because there is too little rice

       D. Because many trees have been polluted

Câu 10. Wild animals are……………

       A. being protected from natural environment              B. So rare that they can’t survive

       C. killed so many that they can’t live in the forests      D. in danger from extinction

Câu 11. What’s the best title for the passage?

       A. The Environment       B. Conservation          C. Save the Earth    D. Protect the nature

Air pollution: Air pollution is the emission of pollutants, chemicals and gasses in the atmosphere. Noise pollution: Noise pollution off course includes the noise created by human activities, public and private transport such as aircrafts, etc. Water pollution: Water pollution is caused due to the discharge of waste water from industrial, domestic and commercial waste in the surface water. Soil pollution: Soil pollution is caused by the release of chemicals due to industrial, agricultural and other activities of living beings

Help me

A Paper is different from other waste produce because it comes from a sustainable resource: trees. Unlike the minerals and oil used to make plastics and metals, trees are replaceable. Paper is also biodegradable, so it does not pose as much threat to the environment when it is discarded. While 45 out of every 100 tonnes of wood fibre used to make paper in Australia comes from waste paper, the rest comes directly from virgin fibre from forests and plantations. By world standards, this is a good performance since the worldwide average is 33 percent waste paper. Governments have encouraged waste paper collection and sorting schemes and at the same time, the paper industry has responded by developing new recycling technologies that have paved the way for even greater utilization of used fibre. As a result, industry’s use of recycled fibres is expected to increase at twice the rate of virgin fibre over the coming years.

B Already, waste paper constitutes 70% of paper used for packaging and advances in the technology required to remove ink from the paper have allowed a higher recycled content in newsprint and writing paper. To achieve the benefits of recycling, the community must also contribute. We need to accept a change in the quality of paper products; for example, stationery may be less white and of a rougher texture. There also needs to support from the community for waste paper collection programs. Not only do we need to make the paper available to collectors but it also needs to be separated into different types and sorted from contaminants such as staples, paperclips, string and other miscellaneous items.

C There are technical limitations to the amount of paper which can be recycled and some paper products cannot be collected for re-use. These include paper in the form of books and permanent records, photographic paper and paper which is badly contaminated. The four most common sources of paper for recycling are factories and retail stores which gather large amounts of packaging material in which goods are delivered, also offices which have unwanted business documents and computer output, paper converters and printers and lastly households which discard newspapers and packaging material. The paper manufacturer pays a price for the paper and may also incur the collection cost.

D Once collected, the paper has to be sorted by hand by people trained to recognise various types of paper. This is necessary because some types of paper can only be made from particular kinds of recycled fibre. The sorted paper then has to be repulped or mixed with water and broken down into its individual fibres. This mixture is called stock and may contain a wide variety of contaminating materials, particularly if it is made from mixed waste paper which has had little sorting. Various machineries are used to remove other materials from the stock. After passing through the repulping process, the fibres from printed waste paper are grey in colour because the printing ink has soaked into the individual fibres. This recycled material can only be used in products where the grey colour does not matter, such as cardboard boxes but if the grey colour is not acceptable, the fibres must be de-inked. This involves adding chemicals such as caustic soda or other alkalis, soaps and detergents, water-hardening agents such as calcium chloride, frothing agents and bleaching agents. Before the recycled fibres can be made into paper they must be refined or treated in such a way that they bond together.

E Most paper products must contain some virgin fibre as well as recycled fibres and unlike glass, paper cannot be recycled indefinitely. Most paper is down-cycled which means that a product made from recycled paper is of an inferior quality to the original paper. Recycling paper is beneficial in that it saves some of the energy, labour and capital that go into producing virgin pulp. However, recycling requires the use of fossil fuel, a non-renewable energy source, to collect the waste paper from the community and to process it to produce new paper. And the recycling process still creates emissions which require treatment before they can be disposed of safely. Nevertheless, paper recycling is an important economical and environmental practice but one which must be carried out in a rational and viable manner for it to be useful to both industry and the community.

i. Process of paper recycling

ii. Less threat of waste paper to the environment

iii. Collection of paper for recycling

iv. Sources of paper for recycling

v. Bad sides of paper recycling

vi. Contribution of community to recycling paper

Your answer:

1. Paragraph A .......................

2. Paragraph B .......................

3. Paragraph C .......................

4. Paragraph D .......................

5. Paragraph E .......................