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Xét \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\ge\frac{4}{a+b}\)
<=> \(a^2+b^2\ge2ab\) (luôn đúng)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi a=b
Áp dụng ta có
\(\frac{1}{x+3y}+\frac{1}{y+2z+x}\ge\frac{4}{2\left(x+2y+z\right)}=\frac{2}{x+2y+z}\)
\(\frac{1}{y+3z}+\frac{1}{z+2x+y}\ge\frac{2}{x+y+2z}\)
\(\frac{1}{z+3x}+\frac{1}{x+2y+z}\ge\frac{2}{2x+y+z}\)
Cộng các vế của các bđt trên
=> ĐPCM
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi x=y=z
Ta có:
\(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\ge\frac{4}{x+y};\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{x}\ge\frac{4}{x+y}\Rightarrow\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\ge\frac{4}{x+y}+\frac{4}{x+y}\ge\frac{16}{x+2y+z}\Rightarrow\frac{1}{x+2y+z}\le\frac{1}{16}\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{2}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)\)\(TT:\)
\(\frac{1}{2x+y+z}\le\frac{1}{16}\left(\frac{2}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right);\frac{1}{x+y+2z}\le\frac{1}{16}\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{2}{z}\right)\)\\(S\le\frac{1}{16}\left(\frac{4}{x}+\frac{4}{y}+\frac{4}{z}\right)=1\)
\(\frac{1}{3x+2y+z}=\frac{1}{x+x+x+y+y+z}\le\frac{1}{6^2}\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{36}\left(\frac{3}{x}+\frac{2}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)\)
Tương tự thì ta có:
\(\frac{1}{3x+2y+z}+\frac{1}{x+3y+2z}+\frac{1}{y+3z+2x}\)
\(\le\frac{1}{36}\left(\frac{3}{x}+\frac{2}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)+\frac{1}{36}\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{3}{y}+\frac{2}{z}\right)+\frac{1}{36}\left(\frac{1}{y}+\frac{3}{z}+\frac{2}{x}\right)\)
\(=\frac{6}{36}\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)=\frac{16}{6}=\frac{8}{3}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> x = y = z = 3/16
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy - Schwarz : \(\frac{a^2}{b}+\frac{c^2}{d}\ge\frac{\left(a+c\right)^2}{b+d}\)
\(\frac{1}{x^4}+\frac{1}{y^4}=\frac{x^2}{x^6}+\frac{1^2}{y^4}\ge\frac{\left(x+1\right)^2}{x^6+y^4}\ge\frac{4x}{x^6+y^4}\)(\(\left(a+b\right)^2\ge4a\))
Tương tự: \(\frac{1}{y^4}+\frac{1}{z^4}\ge\frac{4y}{y^6+z^4};\frac{1}{z^4}+\frac{1}{x^4}\ge\frac{4z}{z^6+x^4}\)
\(\Rightarrow2.\left(\frac{1}{x^4}+\frac{1}{y^4}+\frac{1}{z^4}\right)\ge4\left(\frac{x}{x^6+y^4}+\frac{y}{y^6+z^4}+\frac{z}{z^6+x^4}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{x^4}+\frac{1}{y^4}+\frac{1}{z^4}\ge\frac{2x}{x^6+y^4}+\frac{2y}{y^6+z^4}+\frac{2z}{z^6+x^4}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi và chỉ khi \(x=y=z=1\)
với x,y,z >0 áp dụng bđt cosi ta có:
\(x^6+y^4>=2\sqrt{x^6y^4}=2x^3y^2\Rightarrow\frac{2x}{x^6+y^4}< =\frac{2x}{2x^3y^2}=\frac{1}{x^2y^2}\)
\(y^6+z^4>=2\sqrt{y^6z^4}=2y^3z^2\Rightarrow\frac{2y}{y^6+z^4}< =\frac{2y}{2y^3z^2}=\frac{1}{y^2z^2}\)
\(z^6+x^4>=2\sqrt{z^6x^4}=2z^3x^2\Rightarrow\frac{2z}{z^6+x^4}< =\frac{2z}{2z^3x^2}=\frac{1}{z^2x^2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{2x}{x^6+y^4}+\frac{2y}{y^6+z^4}+\frac{2z}{z^6+x^4}< =\frac{1}{x^2y^2}+\frac{1}{y^2z^2}+\frac{1}{z^2x^2}\left(1\right)\)
với x,y,z>0 áp dụng bđt cosi ta có:
\(\frac{1}{x^4}+\frac{1}{y^4}>=2\sqrt{\frac{1}{x^4}\cdot\frac{1}{y^4}}=\frac{2}{x^2y^2}\)
\(\frac{1}{y^4}+\frac{1}{z^4}>=2\sqrt{\frac{1}{y^4}\cdot\frac{1}{z^4}}=\frac{2}{y^2z^2}\)
\(\frac{1}{x^4}+\frac{1}{z^4}>=2\sqrt{\frac{1}{x^4}\cdot\frac{1}{z^4}}=\frac{2}{x^2z^2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{2}{x^4}+\frac{2}{y^4}+\frac{2}{z^4}>=\frac{2}{x^2y^2}+\frac{2}{y^2z^2}+\frac{2}{x^2z^2}\Rightarrow\frac{1}{x^4}+\frac{1}{y^4}+\frac{1}{z^4}>=\frac{1}{x^2y^2}+\frac{1}{y^2z^2}+\frac{1}{x^2z^2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{x^2y^2}+\frac{1}{y^2z^2}+\frac{1}{x^2z^2}< =\frac{1}{x^4}+\frac{1}{y^4}+\frac{1}{z^4}\left(2\right)\)
từ \(\left(1\right)\left(2\right)\Rightarrow\frac{2x}{x^6+y^4}+\frac{2x}{y^6+z^4}+\frac{2x}{z^6+x^4}< =\frac{1}{x^4}+\frac{1}{y^4}+\frac{1}{z^4}\)(đpcm)
dấu = xảy ra khi x=y=z=1
Ta có:
\(\left(x+y\right)\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\right)\ge4\) (1)
Hiển nhiên suy ra được BĐT Am-Gm
Áp dụng (1) ta được:
\(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\ge\frac{4}{x+y};\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\ge\frac{4}{y+z};\frac{1}{z}+\frac{1}{x}\ge\frac{4}{z+x}\)
Cộng các vế BĐT ta được
\(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\ge2\left(\frac{1}{x+y}+\frac{1}{y+z}+\frac{1}{z+x}\right)\) (2)
Tương tự như vậy ta có:
\(\frac{1}{x+y}+\frac{1}{y+z}+\frac{1}{y+z}\ge2\left(\frac{1}{2x+y+z}+\frac{1}{x+2y+z}+\frac{1}{x+y+2z}\right)\) (3)
Áp dụng (2) và (3) ta được:
\(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\ge4\left(\frac{1}{2x+y+z}+\frac{1}{x+2y+z}+\frac{1}{x+y+2z}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{2x+y+z}+\frac{1}{x+2y+z}+\frac{1}{x+y+2z}\le1\)
Vậy Max A = 1
\(\frac{1}{2x+y+z}+\frac{1}{x+2y+z}+\frac{1}{x+y+2z}\)
\(=\frac{1}{\left(x+y\right)+\left(x+z\right)}+\frac{1}{\left(x+y\right)+\left(y+z\right)}+\frac{1}{\left(x+z\right)+\left(y+z\right)}\)
\(\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{x+y}+\frac{1}{x+z}+\frac{1}{x+y}+\frac{1}{y+z}+\frac{1}{x+z}+\frac{1}{y+z}\right)\)
\(\le\frac{1}{16}\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{z}+\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}+\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{z}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)=1\)
\("="\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=\frac{3}{4}\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz dạng Engel, ta có:
\(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\ge\frac{16}{2x+y+z}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{16}.\left(\frac{2}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)\ge\frac{1}{2x+y+z}\)
CMTT: \(\frac{1}{x+2y+z}\le\frac{1}{16}.\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{2}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)\), \(\frac{1}{x+y+2z}\le\frac{1}{16}.\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{2}{z}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\Sigma\frac{1}{2x+y+z}\le\frac{1}{16}.4\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{x}\right)=\frac{1}{16}.16=1\)
\(''=''\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=\frac{3}{4}\)
Ta có
\(1-\frac{2x}{2x+y}=1-\frac{2xy}{2xy+y^2}=\frac{y^2}{2xy+y^2}\left(1\right)\)
Ta lại có
\(\frac{y^2}{2xy+y^2}+\frac{2xy+y^2}{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}\ge\frac{2y}{x+y+z}\left(2\right)\)
Từ (1) và (2)
\(\Rightarrow1-\frac{2x}{2x+y}+\frac{2xy+y^2}{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}\ge\frac{2y}{x+y+z}\left(3\right)\)
Tương tự
\(1-\frac{2y}{2y+z}+\frac{2yz+z^2}{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}\ge\frac{2z}{\left(x+y+z\right)}\left(4\right)\)
\(1-\frac{2z}{2z+x}+\frac{2xz+x^2}{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}\ge\frac{2x}{x+y+z}\left(5\right)\)
Lấy (3) + (4) + (5) vế theo vế ta được
\(3-2M+\frac{2\left(xy+yz+zx\right)+x^2+y^2+z^2}{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}\ge\frac{2\left(x+y+z\right)}{x+y+z}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3-2M+1\ge2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow M\le1\)
Dấu = xảy ra khi \(x=y=z\)