\(M=\frac{1}{16x}+\frac{1}{4y}+\frac{1}{z}\)

\(M=\frac{1}{16x}+\frac{4}{16y}+\frac{16}{16z}\)

\(M=\frac{1^2}{16x}+\frac{2^2}{16y}+\frac{4^2}{16z}\)

\(M\ge\frac{\left(1+2+4\right)^2}{16\left(x+y+z\right)}\)

    \(=\frac{49}{16}\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{16x}=\frac{2}{16y}=\frac{4}{16z}=\frac{1+2+4}{16\left(x+y+z\right)}=\frac{7}{16}\) 

\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=\frac{1}{7}\\y=\frac{2}{7}\\z=\frac{4}{7}\end{cases}}\)

Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy - Schwarz 

\(\Rightarrow x+y+z\ge3\sqrt[3]{xyz}\)

\(\Rightarrow1\ge3\sqrt[3]{xyz}\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{27}\ge xyz\)

Ta có  \(M=\frac{1}{16x}+\frac{1}{4y}+\frac{1}{z}\)

Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy - Schwarz 

\(\Rightarrow M=\frac{1}{16x}+\frac{1}{4y}+\frac{1}{z}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{64xyz}}\)( 1 ) 

Xét  \(3\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{64xyz}}\)

Ta có  \(\frac{1}{27}\ge xyz\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{64}{27}\ge64xyz\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{27}{64}\le\frac{1}{64xyz}\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{9}{4}\le3\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{64xyz}}\)( 2 ) 

Từ ( 1 ) và ( 2 ) 

\(\Rightarrow M=\frac{1}{16x}+\frac{1}{4y}+\frac{1}{z}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{64xyz}}\ge\frac{9}{4}\)

Vậy  \(M_{min}=\frac{9}{4}\)

\(P=\frac{x^2-2x+1989}{x^2}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow Px^2=x^2-2x+1989\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2\left(1-P\right)-2x+1989=0\)

\(\Delta=4-4\left(1-P\right)1989\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow P\ge\frac{1988}{1989}\)có GTNN là \(\frac{1988}{1989}\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow x=1989\)

Vậy \(P_{min}=\frac{1988}{1989}\) tại x = 1989

Áp dụng BĐT \(\left|a\right|+\left|b\right|\ge\left|a+b\right|\) ta có:

\(M=\left|x+3\right|+\left|x-5\right|=\left|x+3\right|+\left|-x-5\right|\)

\(\ge\left|x+3+\left(-x-5\right)\right|=2\)

Dấu "=" khi \(-3\le x\le5\)

Vậy \(Min_M=2\) khi \(-3\le x\le5\)