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Đặt \(x^2+x+1=t\)
\(\left(x^2+x+1\right)\left(x^2+x+2\right)-12=t\left(t+1\right)-12=t^2+t-12=\left(t^2+t+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)-\dfrac{49}{4}=\left(t+\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2-\left(\dfrac{7}{2}\right)^2=\left(t+\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{7}{2}\right)\left(t+\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{7}{2}\right)=\left(t-3\right)\left(t+4\right)=\left(x^2+x-2\right)\left(x^2+x+5\right)\)
\(\left(x^2+x+1\right)\left(x^2+x+2\right)-12\)
= \(\left(x^2+x+1\right)\left[\left(x^2+x+1\right)+1\right]-12\)
= \(\left(x^2+x+1\right)^2\left(x^2+x+1\right)-12\)
= \(\left(x^2+x+1\right)\left(x^2+x+1\right)-3\left(x^2+x+1\right)+4\left(x^2+x+1\right)-4.3\)
= \(\left(x^2+x+1\right)\left(x^2+x-2\right)+4\left(x^2+x-2\right)\)
= \(\left(x^2+x+5\right)\left(x^2+x-2\right)\)
Ta có \(x^4+4=\left(x^2\right)^2+2^2=\left(x^2+2\right)^2-2.x^2.2=\left(x^2+2\right)^2-\left(2x\right)^2\)
\(=\left(x^2+2x+2\right)\left(x^2-2x+2\right)\)
Tham khảo:https://hoc247.net/hoi-dap/toan-8/phan-tich-da-thuc-x-7-x-2-1-thanh-nhan-tu-faq417522.html
\(=x^7+x^6-x^6+x^5-x^5+x^4-x^4+x^3-x^3+x^2+x^2-x^2+x-x+1\\ =\left(x^7+x^6+x^5\right)-\left(x^6+x^5+x^4\right)+\left(x^4+x^3+x^2\right)-\left(x^3+x^2+x\right)+\left(x^2+x+1\right)\\ =\left(x^2+x+1\right)\left(x^5-x^4+x^2-x+1\right)\)
có 2 cách một là nhóm hạng tử hai là phương pháp hệ số bất định. tại nhiều bạn làm cách nhóm quá nên mình làm hệ số bất định nhé
x4 - 6x3 - 12x2 - 14x + 3
= (x2 + ax + b)(x2 + cx + d)
Tìm a, b, c, d thuộc Z
ta có (x2 + ax + b)(x2 + cx + d)
= x4 + cx3 + dx2 + ax3 + acx2 + axd + bx2 + bcx + bd
= x4 + (a + c)x3 + (b + d + ac)x2 + (ad+bc)x + bd
Đồng nhất hệ số ta có:
a + c = -6
b + d + ac = 12
ad + bc = -14
bd = 3
Nếu b = 1, d = 3, ta có \(\hept{\begin{cases}a+c=-6\\1+3+ac=-12\\3a+c=-14\end{cases}}\) => \(\hept{\begin{cases}a=-4\\c=-2\\4+\left(-4\right)\left(-2\right)=12\end{cases}}\)
=> a = -4, b=1, d=3, c = -2
vậy x4 - 6x3 + 12x2 - 14x + 3 = (x2 - 4x + 1)(x2 - 2x + 3)
B = (x + 3)(x - 1)(x - 5)(x + 15) + 64x2
B = x4 + 12x3 - 58x2 - 180x + 225 + 64x2
B = x4 + 12x3 + 6x2 - 180x + 225
\(x^2\) - \(x\) - 121
= (\(x^2\) - \(2.x.\frac{1}{2}\) + \(\frac{1}{4}\) ) - \(\frac{1}{4}\) - 121
= (\(x\) - \(\frac{1}{2}\) )2 - \(\frac{485}{4}\)
= (\(x\) - \(\frac{1}{2}\) - \(\frac{\sqrt{485}}{2}\) ) (\(x\) - \(\frac{1}{2}\) + \(\frac{\sqrt{485}}{2}\) )
= (\(x\) - \(\frac{1+\sqrt{485}}{2}\) ) (\(x\) - \(\frac{1-\sqrt{485}}{2}\) )
\(x^2-x-121\)
\(=\left(x^2-2.x.\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{4}\right)-\frac{1}{4}-121\)
\(=\left(x-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2-\frac{485}{4}\)
\(=\left(x-\frac{1}{2}-\frac{\sqrt{485}}{2}\right)\left(x-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{\sqrt{485}}{2}\right)\)
\(=\left(x-\frac{1+\sqrt{485}}{2}\right)\left(x-\frac{1-\sqrt{485}}{2}\right)\)
\(x^3-x^2-21x+45\)
\(=\left(x^3-3x^2\right)+\left(2x^2-6x\right)+\left(-15x+45\right)\)
\(=x^2\left(x-3\right)+2x\left(x-3\right)-15\left(x-3\right)\)
\(=\left(x^2+2x-15\right)\left(x-3\right)\)
\(=\left[\left(x^2-3x\right)+\left(5x-15\right)\right]\left(x-3\right)\)
\(=\left[x\left(x-3\right)+5\left(x-3\right)\right]\left(x-3\right)\)
\(=\left(x+5\right)\left(x-3\right)^2\)