Bài 1:

Đặt \(\hept{\begin{cases}S=x+y\\P=xy\end{cases}}\) hpt thành:

\(\hept{\begin{cases}S^2-P=3\\S+P=9\end{cases}}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}S^2-P=3\\S=9-P\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\left(9-P\right)^2-P=3\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}P=6\Rightarrow S=3\\P=13\Rightarrow S=-4\end{cases}}\).Thay 2 trường hợp S và P vào ta tìm dc

\(\hept{\begin{cases}x=3\\y=0\end{cases}}\)và\(\hept{\begin{cases}x=0\\y=3\end{cases}}\)

Câu 3: ĐK: \(x\ge0\)

Ta thấy \(x-\sqrt{x-1}=0\Rightarrow x=\sqrt{x-1}\Rightarrow x^2-x+1=0\) (Vô lý), vì thế \(x-\sqrt{x-1}\ne0.\)

Khi đó \(pt\Leftrightarrow\frac{3\left[x^2-\left(x-1\right)\right]}{x+\sqrt{x-1}}=x+\sqrt{x-1}\Rightarrow3\left(x-\sqrt{x-1}\right)=x+\sqrt{x-1}\)

\(\Rightarrow2x-4\sqrt{x-1}=0\)

Đặt \(\sqrt{x-1}=t\Rightarrow x=t^2+1\Rightarrow2\left(t^2+1\right)-4t=0\Rightarrow t=1\Rightarrow x=2\left(tm\right)\)

a. ĐKXĐ: \(x\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\)

Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x^2+2x}=a>0\\\sqrt{2x-1}=b\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow a+b=\sqrt{3a^2-b^2}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^2=3a^2-b^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a^2-ab-b^2=0\Leftrightarrow\left(a-\dfrac{1+\sqrt{5}}{2}b\right)\left(a+\dfrac{\sqrt{5}-1}{2}b\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a=\dfrac{1+\sqrt{5}}{2}b\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x^2+2x}=\dfrac{1+\sqrt{5}}{2}\sqrt{2x-1}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+2x=\dfrac{3+\sqrt{5}}{2}\left(2x-1\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-\left(\sqrt{5}+1\right)x+\dfrac{3+\sqrt{5}}{2}=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-\dfrac{\sqrt{5}+1}{2}\right)^2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{\sqrt{5}+1}{2}\)

b. ĐKXĐ: \(x\ge5\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{5x^2+14x+9}=\sqrt{x^2-x-20}+5\sqrt{x+1}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow5x^2+14x+9=x^2-x-20+25\left(x+1\right)+10\sqrt{\left(x+1\right)\left(x-5\right)\left(x+4\right)}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2x^2-5x+2=5\sqrt{\left(x^2-4x-5\right)\left(x+4\right)}\)

Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x^2-4x-5}=a\ge0\\\sqrt{x+4}=b>0\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow2a^2+3b^2=5ab\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)\left(2a-3b\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x^2-4x-5}=\sqrt{x+4}\\2\sqrt{x^2-4x-5}=3\sqrt{x+4}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x^2-4x-5=x+4\\4\left(x^2-4x-5\right)=9\left(x+4\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow...\)

Đk: `x >= 0`.

`<=> sqrtx + sqrt(x+3) + 2sqrt(x(x+3)) - (3x+9) + 5x = 0`

Đặt `sqrt x = a, sqrt(x+3) = b`

`<=> a + b + 2ab - 3b^2 + 5a^2 = 0`

`<=> (a+b)(5a+1-3b) = 0`

`<=> a = -b` hoặc `5a + 1 = 3b`.

Đến đây bạn biến đổi ẩn rồi tự giải tiếp ha. 

a.

ĐKXĐ: \(x^2+2x-1\ge0\)

\(x^2+2x-1+2\left(x-1\right)\sqrt{x^2+2x-1}-4x=0\)

Đặt \(\sqrt{x^2+2x-1}=t\ge0\)

\(\Rightarrow t^2+2\left(x-1\right)t-4x=0\)

\(\Delta'=\left(x-1\right)^2+4x=\left(x+1\right)^2\)

\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}t=1-x+x+1=2\\t=1-x-x-1=-2x\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x^2+2x-1}=2\\\sqrt{x^2+2x-1}=-2x\left(x\le0\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x^2+2x-5=0\\3x^2-2x+1=0\left(vn\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow x=-1\pm\sqrt{6}\)

b.

ĐKXĐ: \(x\ge\dfrac{1}{5}\)

\(2x^2+x-3+2x-\sqrt{5x-1}+2-\sqrt[3]{9-x}=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(2x+3\right)+\dfrac{\left(x-1\right)\left(4x-1\right)}{2x+\sqrt[]{5x-1}}+\dfrac{x-1}{4+2\sqrt[3]{9-x}+\sqrt[3]{\left(9-x\right)^2}}=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(2x+3+\dfrac{4x-1}{2x+\sqrt[]{5x-1}}+\dfrac{1}{4+2\sqrt[3]{9-x}+\sqrt[3]{\left(9-x\right)^2}}\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x=1\) (ngoặc đằng sau luôn dương)

2: ĐKXĐ: x>=0

\(\sqrt{3x}-2\sqrt{12x}+\dfrac{1}{3}\cdot\sqrt{27x}=-4\)

=>\(\sqrt{3x}-2\cdot2\sqrt{3x}+\dfrac{1}{3}\cdot3\sqrt{3x}=-4\)

=>\(\sqrt{3x}-4\sqrt{3x}+\sqrt{3x}=-4\)

=>\(-2\sqrt{3x}=-4\)

=>\(\sqrt{3x}=2\)

=>3x=4

=>\(x=\dfrac{4}{3}\left(nhận\right)\)

3: 

ĐKXĐ: x>=0

\(3\sqrt{2x}+5\sqrt{8x}-20-\sqrt{18}=0\)

=>\(3\sqrt{2x}+5\cdot2\sqrt{2x}-20-3\sqrt{2}=0\)

=>\(13\sqrt{2x}=20+3\sqrt{2}\)

=>\(\sqrt{2x}=\dfrac{20+3\sqrt{2}}{13}\)

=>\(2x=\dfrac{418+120\sqrt{2}}{169}\)

=>\(x=\dfrac{209+60\sqrt{2}}{169}\left(nhận\right)\)

4: ĐKXĐ: x>=-1

\(\sqrt{16x+16}-\sqrt{9x+9}=1\)

=>\(4\sqrt{x+1}-3\sqrt{x+1}=1\)

=>\(\sqrt{x+1}=1\)

=>x+1=1

=>x=0(nhận)

5: ĐKXĐ: x<=1/3

\(\sqrt{4\left(1-3x\right)}+\sqrt{9\left(1-3x\right)}=10\)

=>\(2\sqrt{1-3x}+3\sqrt{1-3x}=10\)

=>\(5\sqrt{1-3x}=10\)

=>\(\sqrt{1-3x}=2\)

=>1-3x=4

=>3x=1-4=-3

=>x=-3/3=-1(nhận)

6: ĐKXĐ: x>=3

\(\dfrac{2}{3}\sqrt{x-3}+\dfrac{1}{6}\sqrt{x-3}-\sqrt{x-3}=-\dfrac{2}{3}\)

=>\(\sqrt{x-3}\cdot\left(\dfrac{2}{3}+\dfrac{1}{6}-1\right)=-\dfrac{2}{3}\)

=>\(\sqrt{x-3}\cdot\dfrac{-1}{6}=-\dfrac{2}{3}\)

=>\(\sqrt{x-3}=\dfrac{2}{3}:\dfrac{1}{6}=\dfrac{2}{3}\cdot6=\dfrac{12}{3}=4\)

=>x-3=16

=>x=19(nhận)

\(a,\Leftrightarrow x^2+2x+1+2x+3-2\sqrt{2x+3}+1=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(x+1\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{2x+3}-1\right)^2=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-1\\2x+3=1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow x=-1\left(N\right)\)

\(b,\Leftrightarrow3x^2+3x-2\sqrt{x^2+x}=0\left(x\le-1;x\ge0\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow3x\left(x-1\right)-2\sqrt{x\left(x+1\right)}=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x\left(x+1\right)}\left(3\sqrt{x\left(x-1\right)}-2\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x\left(x-1\right)=0\\\sqrt{x\left(x-1\right)}=\dfrac{2}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\x=1\\x^2-x-\dfrac{4}{9}=0\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\x=1\\9x^2-9x-4=0\left(1\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Delta\left(1\right)=81-4\left(-4\right)\cdot9=225\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\x=1\\x=\dfrac{9-15}{18}\\x=\dfrac{9+15}{18}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\left(N\right)\\x=1\left(N\right)\\x=-\dfrac{1}{3}\left(L\right)\\x=\dfrac{4}{3}\left(N\right)\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\x=1\\x=\dfrac{4}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)