a) ĐKXĐ: \(x^2+3x\ge0\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x\ge0\\x\le-3\end{matrix}\right.\).

PT \(\Leftrightarrow10-\left(x^2+3x\right)=3\sqrt{x^2+3x}\). (*)

Đặt \(\sqrt{x^2+3x}=a\ge0\). 

\((*)\Leftrightarrow a^2+3a-10=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-2\right)\left(a+5\right)=0\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=2\\a=-5\left(l\right)\end{matrix}\right.\).

Với \(a=2\Rightarrow\sqrt{x^2+3x}=2\Leftrightarrow x^2+3x-4=0\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(x+4\right)=0\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=1\left(TM\right)\\x=-4\left(TM\right)\end{matrix}\right.\).

Vậy x = 1; x = -4

b.

ĐKXĐ: \(x\ge-1\)

\(\sqrt{\left(x+1\right)\left(x+35\right)}-14\sqrt{x+35}+84-6\sqrt{x+1}=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x+1}\left(\sqrt{x+35}-14\right)-6\left(\sqrt{x+35}-14\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{x+1}-6\right)\left(\sqrt{x+35}-14\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x+1}=6\\\sqrt{x+35}=14\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow...\)

a. ĐKXĐ: \(-1\le x\le1\)

Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x+1}=a\ge0\\\sqrt{1-x}=b\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow a+2a^2=-b^2+b+3ab\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2a^2-3ab+b^2\right)+a-b=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)\left(2a-b\right)+a-b=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)\left(2a-b+1\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=b\\2a+1=b\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x+1}=\sqrt{1-x}\\2\sqrt{x+1}+1=\sqrt{1-x}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\4x+5+4\sqrt{x+1}=1-x\left(1\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

(1) \(\Leftrightarrow4\sqrt{x+1}=-4-5x\) \(\left(x\le-\dfrac{4}{5}\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow16\left(x+1\right)=25x^2+40x+16\)

\(\Leftrightarrow25x^2+24x=0\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\left(loại\right)\\x=-\dfrac{24}{25}\end{matrix}\right.\)

c.

ĐLXĐ: \(x\ge-\dfrac{1}{3}\)

\(-\left(3x+1\right)+\sqrt{3x+1}+4x^2-10x+6=0\)

Đặt \(\sqrt{3x+1}=t\ge0\)

\(\Rightarrow-t^2+t+4x^2-10x+6=0\)

\(\Delta=1+4\left(4x^2-10x+6\right)=\left(4x-5\right)^2\)

\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}t=\dfrac{-1+4x-5}{-2}=3-2x\\t=\dfrac{-1-4x+5}{-2}=2x-2\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{3x+1}=3-2x\left(x\le\dfrac{3}{2}\right)\\\sqrt{3x-1}=2x-2\left(x\ge1\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}3x+1=4x^2-12x+9\left(x\le\dfrac{3}{2}\right)\\3x-1=4x^2-8x+4\left(x\ge1\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow...\)

a.

ĐKXĐ: \(x\ge-\dfrac{5}{4}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow4x^2-12x-2-2\sqrt{4x+5}=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(4x^2-8x+4\right)-\left(4x+5+2\sqrt{4x+5}+1\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2x-2\right)^2-\left(\sqrt{4x+5}+1\right)^2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2x-2-\sqrt{4x+5}-1\right)\left(2x-2+\sqrt{4x+5}+1\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2x-3-\sqrt{4x+5}\right)\left(2x-1+\sqrt{4x+5}\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{4x+5}=2x-3\left(x\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\right)\\\sqrt{4x+5}=1-2x\left(x\le\dfrac{1}{2}\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}4x+5=4x^2-12x+9\left(x\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\right)\\4x+5=4x^2-4x+1\left(x\le\dfrac{1}{2}\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow...\)

a.

ĐKXĐ: \(x\ge0\)

\(\sqrt{2x^2+13x+5}-5\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{2x^2-3x+5}-3\sqrt{x}=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2x^2-12x+5}{\sqrt{2x^2+13x+5}+5\sqrt{x}}+\dfrac{2x^2-12x+5}{\sqrt{2x^2-3x+5}+3\sqrt{x}}=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2x^2-12x+5\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2x^2+13x+5}+5\sqrt{x}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2x^2-3x+5}+3\sqrt{x}}\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2x^2-12x+5=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow...\)

b.

ĐKXĐ: \(x^2\ge\dfrac{4}{3}\)

\(\sqrt{x^2-\dfrac{4}{3}}+\sqrt{4x^2-4}-x=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\dfrac{3x^2-4}{3}}+\dfrac{3x^2-4}{\sqrt{4x^2-4}+x}=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{3x^2-4}\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}+\dfrac{\sqrt{3x^2-4}}{\sqrt{4x^2-4}+x}\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow3x^2-4=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow...\)