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a) \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3,024}{22,4}=0,135\left(mol\right)\)
=> nHCl = 0,27 (mol)
Theo ĐLBTKL: mkim loại + mHCl = mmuối + mH2
=> mmuối = 5,85 + 0,27.36,5 - 0,135.2 = 15,435 (g)
b) VH2 = 3,024 (l) (Theo đề bài)
c)
Hỗn hợp kim loại gồm \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}Al:a\left(mol\right)\\X:3a\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> 27a + MX.3a = 5,85
PTHH: 2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
a----------------------->1,5a
X + 2HCl --> XCl2 + H2
3a------------------->3a
=> 1,5a + 3a = 0,135
=> a = 0,03 (mol)
=> MX = 56 (g/mol)
=> X là Fe
a, PT: \(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
b, Ta có: \(n_{HCl}=0,5.0,2=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{0,896}{22,4}=0,04\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{HCl\left(pư\right)}=2n_{H_2}=0,08\left(mol\right)< 0,1\left(mol\right)\)
→ HCl dư.
Gọi: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Zn}=x\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe}=y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Theo PT: \(n_{H_2}=n_{Zn}+n_{Fe}=x+y=0,04\left(1\right)\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{ZnCl_2}=n_{Zn}=x\left(mol\right)\\n_{FeCl_2}=n_{Fe}=y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)⇒ 136x + 127y = 5,26 (2)
Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,02\left(mol\right)\\y=0,02\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Zn}=\dfrac{0,02.65}{0,02.65+0,02.56}.100\%\approx53,72\%\\\%m_{Fe}\approx46,28\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
a)
$X + 2HCl \to XCl_2 + H_2$
$2Y + 6HCl \to 2YCl_3 + 3H_2$
$n_{HCl} = \dfrac{47,45}{36,5} = 1,3(mol) \Rightarrow n_{H_2} = \dfrac{1}{2}n_{HCl} = 0,65(mol)$
$\Rightarrow V_{H_2} = 0,65.22,4 = 14,56(lít)$
b) Bảo toàn khối lượng : $m_{muối} = 12,9 + 1,3.36,5 - 0,65.2 = 59,05(gam)$
c) Gọi $n_X = a(mol) \Rightarrow n_{Al} = 1,5a(mol)$
Theo PTHH : $n_{H_2} = a + 1,5a.\dfrac{3}{2} = 0,65(mol) \Rightarrow a = 0,2$
$\Rightarrow m_{hh} = 0,2.X + 0,2.1,5.27 = 12,9$
$\Rightarrow X = 24(Magie)$
a, \(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
b, \(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{13}{65}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{H_2}=n_{Zn}=0,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,2.22,4=4,48\left(l\right)\)
c, \(n_{ZnCl_2}=n_{Zn}=0,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{ZnCl_2}=0,2.136=27,2\left(g\right)\)
d, \(n_{HCl}=2n_{Zn}=0,4\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{HCl}=0,4.36,5=14,6\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{14,6}{7,3\%}=200\left(g\right)\)
⇒ m dd sau pư = 13 + 200 - 0,2.2 = 212,6 (g)
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{ZnCl_2}=\dfrac{27,2}{212,6}.100\%\approx12,79\%\)
PTHH: \(2R+6HCl\rightarrow2RCl_3+3H_2\uparrow\) (1)
\(X+2HCl\rightarrow XCl_2+H_2\uparrow\) (2)
a) Ta có: \(n_{HCl}=0,17\cdot2=0,34\left(mol\right)\)
Theo các PTHH: \(n_{HCl}:n_{H_2}=2:1\) \(\Rightarrow n_{H_2}=0,17\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,17\cdot22,4=3,808\left(l\right)\)
b) Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{HCl}=0,34\cdot36,5=12,41\left(g\right)\\m_{H_2}=0,17\cdot2=0,34\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Bảo toàn khối lượng: \(m_{muối}=m_{KL}+m_{HCl}-m_{H_2}=16,07\left(g\right)\)
c) Đặt \(n_{Al}=5a\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow n_X=a\left(mol\right)\)
Theo các PTHH: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{HCl\left(1\right)}=15a\left(mol\right)\\n_{HCl\left(2\right)}=2a\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow15a+2a=0,34\left(mol\right)=\Sigma n_{HCl}\) \(\Rightarrow a=n_X=0,02\left(mol\right)\)
Mặt khác: \(m_X=m_{KL}-m_{Al}=4-0,02\cdot5\cdot27=1,3\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow M_X=\dfrac{1,3}{0,02}=65\left(đvC\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\) Nguyên tố Zn (Kẽm)
a, nHCl=0,17.2=0,34 mol
Ta có tỉ lệ HCl/H2=1/2 (vì HCl có 1 hiđro và H2 có 2 hiđro)
=> H2=0,34.1/2=0,17 mol
Nên VH2=0,17.22,4=3,808 l
b, ta có mmuoi khan=mhon hop+mCl (nCl=nHCl)
=> mmuoi khan=4+0,34.35,5=16,07 g
c, Gọi nA là a mol => nAl= 5a mol
PTPƯ: 2Al + 6HCl ---> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
5a mol Al ---> 15a mol HCl
AII + 2HCl ---> ACl2 + H2
a mol A ---> 2a mol HCl
Ta có: 15a+2a=0,34 => 17a=0,34 => a=0,02 mol
Ta có: 27.5.0,02+MA.0,02=4
=> 2,7+MA.0,02=4 => MA.0,02=1,3 => MA=65 (là nguyên tố kẽm hay Zn)
\(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{11,2}{56}=0,2\left(mol\right);n_{Zn}=\dfrac{13}{65}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ PTHH:Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\\ Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\\ n_{H_2\left(tổng\right)}=n_{Fe}+n_{Zn}=0,2+0,2=0,4\left(mol\right)\\ n_{ZnCl_2}=n_{Zn}=0,2\left(mol\right);n_{FeCl_2}=n_{Fe}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ V_{H_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,4.22,4=8,96\left(l\right)\\ m_{ZnCl_2}=0,2.136=27,2\left(g\right)\\ m_{FeCl_2}=127.0,2=25,4\left(g\right)\)