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Câu 4 :
\(n_{Fe2O3}=\dfrac{24}{160}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
Pt : \(Fe_2O_3+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2O|\)
1 3 1 3
0,15 0,15
a) \(n_{Fe2\left(SO4\right)3}=\dfrac{0,15.1}{1}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
⇒ \(m_{Fe2\left(SO4\right)3}=0,15.400=60\left(g\right)\)
b) \(C_{M_{Fe2\left(SO4\right)3}}=\dfrac{0,15}{0,5}=0,3\left(M\right)\)
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a,\(n_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{24}{160}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Fe2O3 + 3H2SO4 → Fe2(SO4)3 + 3H2O
Mol: 0,15 0,45 0,15
\(m_{Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=0,15.400=60\left(g\right)\)
b,\(C_{M_{ddFe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}}=\dfrac{0,15}{0,5}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Al2O3+6HCl➝2AlCl3+3H2O(1)
a)nAl2O3=\(\dfrac{10,2}{102}\)=0,1(mol)
mHCl=\(\dfrac{5\%.219}{100\%}\)=10,95(g)
⇒nHCl=\(\dfrac{10,95}{36,5}\)=0,3(mol)
Xét tỉ lệ Al2O3:\(\dfrac{0,1}{1}\)=0,1
Xét tỉ lệ HCl:\(\dfrac{0,3}{6}\)=0,05
⇒HCl pứng hết,Al2O3 còn dư
Theo PTHH(1) ta có nAl2O3 pứng=\(\dfrac{nHCl}{6}\)=\(\dfrac{0,3}{6}\)=0,05(mol)
⇒nAl2O3 dư=nAl2O3ban đầu-nAl2O3 pứng=0,1-0,05=0,05(mol)
⇒mAl2O3 dư=0,05.102=5,1(g)
b) C%HCl=\(\dfrac{0,3.36,5}{219+10,2}\).100%=4,8%
nAlCl3=0,1(mol)
⇒C%AlCl3=\(\dfrac{0,1.136,5}{10,2+219}\).100%=6%
PTHH: \(Al_2O_3+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2O\)
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{H_2SO_4}=588\cdot5\%=29,4\left(g\right)\Rightarrow n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{29,4}{98}=0,3\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al_2O_3}=\dfrac{20,4}{102}=0,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,2}{1}>\dfrac{0,3}{3}\) \(\Rightarrow\) Al2O3 còn dư
\(\Rightarrow n_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=0,1\left(mol\right)=n_{Al_2O_3\left(dư\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{0,1\cdot342}{20,4+588-0,1\cdot102}\cdot100\%\approx5,72\%\)
d) Gọi x,y lần lượt là số mol Al, Fe
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27x+56y=8,3\\1,5x+y=0,25\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> x=0,1 ; y=0,1
Kết tủa : Al(OH)3, Fe(OH)2
Bảo toàn nguyên tố Al: \(n_{Al\left(OH\right)_3}=n_{Al}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
Bảo toàn nguyên tố Fe: \(n_{Fe\left(OH\right)_2}=n_{Fe}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(m=0,1.78+0,1.90=16,8\left(g\right)\)
Nung kết tủa thu được chất rắn : Al2O3 và FeO
Bảo toàn nguyên tố Al: \(n_{Al_2O_3}.2=n_{Al}\Rightarrow n_{Al_2O_3}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
Bảo toàn nguyên tố Fe: \(n_{FeO}=n_{Fe}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(a=0,05.102+0,1.72=12,3\left(g\right)\)
Bài 1:
(1) \(4Al+3O_2\xrightarrow[]{t^o}2Al_2O_3\)
(2) \(Al_2O_3+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2O\)
(3) \(AlCl_3+3KOH\rightarrow3KCl+Al\left(OH\right)_3\downarrow\)
(4) \(Al\left(OH\right)_3+3HCl\rightarrow AlCl_3+3H_2O\)
(5) \(2Al\left(OH\right)_3\xrightarrow[]{t^o}Al_2O_3+3H_2O\)
(6) \(Al\left(OH\right)_3+NaOH\rightarrow NaAlO_2+2H_2O\)
(7) \(Al_2O_3+2NaOH\rightarrow2NaAlO_2+H_2O\)
(8) \(Al+NaOH+H_2O\rightarrow NaAlO_2+\dfrac{3}{2}H_2\uparrow\)
(9) \(2Al_2O_3\xrightarrow[criolit]{đpnc}4Al+3O_2\)
Bài 2:
PTHH: \(Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\uparrow\)
a_______a_______a_____a (mol)
\(Mg+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2\uparrow\)
b_______b________b____b (mol)
Ta lập HPT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}56a+24b=21,6\\a+b=\dfrac{11,2}{22,4}=0,5\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,3\\b=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,3\cdot56}{21,6}\cdot100\%\approx77,78\%\\\%m_{Mg}=22,22\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
Bảo toàn nguyên tố: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Mg\left(OH\right)_2}=n_{Mg}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe\left(OH\right)_2}=n_{Fe}=0,3\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{kết.tủa}=m_{Fe\left(OH\right)_3}+m_{Mg\left(OH\right)_2}=0,3\cdot107+0,2\cdot56=43,3\left(g\right)\)
Theo các PTHH: \(n_{H_2SO_4\left(p/ứ\right)}=0,5\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow n_{H_2SO_4\left(ban.đầu\right)}=0,5\cdot120\%=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,6\cdot98}{10\%}=588\left(g\right)\)
Bảo toàn nguyên tố: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{MgO}=n_{Mg}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{Fe}=0,15\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{chất.rắn}=m_{MgO}+m_{Fe_2O_3}=0,2\cdot40+0,15\cdot160=32\left(g\right)\)
Bài 2 :
a) (1) \(CaO+CO_2\rightarrow CaCO_3\)
(2) \(CaO+H_2O\rightarrow Ca\left(OH\right)_2\)
(3) \(Ca\left(OH\right)_2+CO_2\rightarrow CaCO_3+H_2O\)
(4) \(CaCO_3\underrightarrow{t^o}CaO+CO_2\)
(5) \(CaO+2HCl\rightarrow CaCl_2+H_2O\)
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b)(1) \(S+O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}SO_2\)
(2) \(2SO_2+O_2\underrightarrow{t^o,V_2O_5}2SO_3\)
(3) \(SO_3+H_2O\rightarrow H_2SO_4\)
(4) \(H_2SO_4+CuO\rightarrow CuSO_4+H_2O\)
(5) \(CuSO_4+2NaOH\rightarrow Cu\left(OH\right)_2+Na_2SO_4\)
(6) \(Cu\left(OH\right)_2\underrightarrow{t^o}CuO+H_2O\)
(7) \(SO_2+2NaOH\rightarrow Na_2SO_3+H_2O\)
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Bài 4 :
\(n_{H2}=\dfrac{V_{H2}}{22,4}=\dfrac{3,36}{22,4}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
Pt : \(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2|\)
2 3 1 3
0,1 0,15 0,05 0,15
a) \(n_{Al}=\dfrac{0,15.2}{3}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
⇒ \(m_{Al}=n_{Al}.M_{Al}\)
= 0,1 . 27
= 2,7 (g)
\(m_{Cu}=10-2,7=7,3\left(g\right)\)
0/0Al = \(\dfrac{m_{Al}.100}{m_{hh}}=\dfrac{2,7.100}{10}=27\)0/0
0/0Cu = \(\dfrac{m_{Cu}.100}{m_{hh}}=\dfrac{7,3.100}{10}=13\)0/0
b) \(n_{Al2\left(SO4\right)3}=\dfrac{0,15.1}{3}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
⇒ \(m_{Al2\left(SO4\right)3}=n_{Al2\left(SO4\right)3.}M_{Al2\left(SO4\right)3}\)
= 0,05 . 342
= 17,1 (g)
\(n_{H2SO4}=\dfrac{0,1.3}{2}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
⇒ \(m_{H2SO4}=n_{H2SO4}.M_{H2SO4}\)
= 0,15 .98
= 14,7 (g)
\(C_{H2SO4}=\dfrac{m_{ct}.100}{m_{dd}}\Rightarrow m_{dd}=\dfrac{m_{ct}.100}{C}=\)\(\dfrac{14,7.100}{15}=98\left(g\right)\)
mdung dịch sau phản ứng = (mAl + mCu) + mH2SO4 - mH2
= 10 + 98 - (0,15 . 2)
=107,7 (g)
\(C_{Al2\left(SO4\right)3}=\dfrac{m_{ct}.100}{m_{dd}}=\dfrac{17,1.100}{107,7}=15,88\)0/0
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