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Over the past 600 years, English has grown from a language of few speakers to become the dominant language of international communication. English as we know it today emerged around 1350, after having incorporated many elements of French that were introduced following the Norman invasion of 1066. Until the 1600s. English was, for the most part, spoken only in England and had not extended even as far as Wales, Scotland, or Ireland. However, during the course of the next tw’o centuries, English began to spread around the globe as a result of exploration, trade (including slave trade), colonization, and missionary work. Thus, small enclaves of English speakers became established and grew in various parts of the world. As these communities proliferated, English gradually became the primary language of international business, banking, and diplomacy.

    Currently, about 80 percent of the information stored on computer systems worldwide is in English. Two-thirds of the world’s science writing is in English, and English is the main language of technology, advertising, media, international airports, and air traffic controllers. Today there are more than 700 million English users in the world, and over half of these are nonnative speakers, constituting the largest number of nonnative users than any other language in the world.

1. What is the main topic of this passage?

A. The number of non-native users of English.

B. The French influence on the English language.

C. The expansion of English as an international language.

D. The use of English for science and technology.

2. The word “emerged” in line 3 could best be replaced by which of the following?

3. As used in line 3, the word “elements” is not similar to which of the following:

4. Approximately when did English begin to be used beyond England?

5. According to the passage, all of the following contributed to the spread of English around the world except______.

6. As used in line 6. which of the following is closet in meaning to the word “course”?

7. The word “enclaves” in line 9 could be best replaced by which of the following?

8. The word “proliferated” in line 10 is closest in meaning to which of the following?

9. Which of the following is closet in meaning to the word “constituting” in line 16?

10. According to the passage, approximately how many nonnative users of English are there in the world to day?

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Over the past 600 years, English has grown from a language of few speakers to become the dominant language of international communication. English as we know it today emerged around 1350, after having incorporated many elements of French that were introduced following the Norman invasion of 1066. Until the 1600s, English was, for the most part, spoken only in England and had not extended even as far as Wales, Scotland, or Ireland. However, during the course of the next two centuries, English began to spread around the globe as a result of exploration, trade (including slave trade), colonization, and missionary work. Thus, small enclaves of English speakers became established and grew in various parts of the world. As these communities proliferated, English gradually became the primary language of international business, banking, and diplomacy.

    Currently, about 80 percent of the information stored on computer systems worldwide is in English. Two-thirds of the world's science writing is in English, and English is the main language of technology, advertising, media, international airports, and air traffic controllers. Today there are more than 700 million English users in the world, and over half of these are nonnative speakers, constituting the largest number of nonnative users than any other language in the world.

1.  What is the main topic of this passage?

 A. The number of non-native users of English.

 B. The French influence on the English language.

 C. The expansion of English as an international language.

 D. The use of English for science and technology.

2.  The word “emerged” in line 2 could best be replaced by which of the following?

3.  As used in line 3, the word “elements” is similar to which of the following?

4.  Approximately when did English begin to be used beyond England?

5.  According to the passage, all of the following contributed to the spread of English around the world except __________.

6.  As used in line 6, which of the following is closest in meaning to the word “course”?

7.  The word “enclaves” in line 8 could be best replaced by which of the following?

8.  The word “proliferated” in line 9 is closest in meaning to which of the following?

9.  Which of the following is closet in meaning to the word “constituting” in line 15?

10. According to the passage, approximately how many nonnative users of English are there in the world to day?

Part 1. Read the passage below and do the tasks (1,25 points)

          Over the past 600 years, English has grown from a language of few speakers to become the dominant language of international communication. English as we know it today emerged around 1350, after having incorporated 

many elements of French that were introduced following the Norman invasion of 1030. Until the 1600s, English was, for the most part, spoken only in England and had not extended even as far as Wales, Scotland, or Ireland. However, during the course of the next two centuries, English began to spread around the globe as a result of exploration, trade (including slave trade), colonization, and missionary work. Thus, small enclaves of English speakers became established and grew in various parts of the world. As these communities proliferated, English gradually became the primary language of international business, banking, and diplomacy.

     Today there are more than 700 million English users in the world, and over half of these are non native speakers, constituting the largest number of non-native users than any other language in the world.

1.  What is the main topic of this passage?

     A. The number of non-native users of English

     B. The French influence on the English language

     C. The expansion of English as an international language

     D. The number of users of English

2.  The word “it” in line 2 refers to _________.

     A. English                 B. Speaker            C. French              D. Communication

3. Approximately when did English begin to be used beyond England?

     A. In 1066                 B. Around 1350    C. Before 1600     D. After the 1600s

4.  According to the passage, all of the following contributed to the spread of English around the world EXCEPT                   .

     A. the slave trade                                    B. the Norman invasion

     C. missionaries                                       D. colonization

5.  The word “enclaves” in the passage could best be replaced by which of the following?

     A. communities          B. organizations    C. regions             D. countries

Over the past 600 years, English has grown from a language of (56)_________ speakers to become the dominant language of international communication. English as we know it today (57)_______ around 1350, after having incorporated many elements of French that were introduced following the Norman (58)______ of 1066. Until the 1600s, English was, for the most part, spoken only in England and had not (59)______ even as far as Wales, Scotland, or Ireland. (60)________, during the course of the next two centuries, English began to spread around the globe as a result of exploration, trade (including slave trade), colonization, and missionary (61)________. Thus small enclaves of English speakers became establish work and grew in (62)________ parts of the world. As these communities proliferated, English gradually became the primary language of international business, banking, and diplomacy. Currently, about 80 percent of the information stored (63)________ computer systems worldwide is in English. Two (64)________ of the world’s science writing is in English, and English is the main language of technology, advertising, media, international airports, and air traffic controllers. Today there (65)________ more than 700 million English users in the world.
56. A. a few B. few C. some D. a lot
57. A. hailed B. frequented C. emerged D. engaged
58. A. invader B. invasion C. invade D. invasive
59. A. experienced B. conferred C. stretched D. extended
60. A. Therefore B. However C. So D. but
61. A. work B. job C. employment D. career
62. A. various B. variety C. varying D. varied
63. A. in B. on C. into D. onto
64. A. third B. thirds C. threes D. three
65. A. have been B. has been C. is D. are
III. Read the following passage and choose the option that indicates the correct answer to each of the following questions. (10 points)
My lawyer, Mr. Turner, is the only man I know who has seen a ghost. He is a quiet even-tempered man whose life is spent in dealing with facts. He is the last person in the world to give way to fantasy. He has a wife and two children of whom he is proud, takes a modest holiday abroad every year and spends his Sundays gardening. He is knowledgeable about art and architecture, though he doesn’t pretend to be an expert by any means. It is, therefore, all the more surprising that he should be so insistent about the ghost. It happened, so he says, like this: He was travelling from London to the north of England by train. It was a misty November evening and the train was half empty. In fact, for the first part of the journey Mr. Turner had the carriage to himself and sat dozing over a newspaper. However, at the first stop a passenger jumped in, slamming the door behind him. He seemed out of his breath as if he had been running. He was a striking looking young man with dark, bushy hair and bright intelligent eyes. He was dressed rather oddly in a long waistcoat with silver buttons, tight trousers and embroidered waistcoat. Mr. Turner didn’t pay much attention to this because people wear all sorts of extravagant clothes these days and he had long grown accustomed to them. Presently, the two men got into conversation, as people do on long journeys. Mr. Turner was interested to discover that the young man was very knowledgeable about art – in particular portraits. His name, he said, was Joseph Hart, and he was on his way to visit an exhibition. It seemed that he worked in a famous London Art Gallery – a picture restorer, perhaps, thought Mr. Turner, he seemed to know a great deal about varnishes and paints, and even more about the subjects of certain portraits. When Mr. Turner asked his opinion of the portrait of a famous judge by an artist he admired, his companion laughed and said: “He’s only a reproduction – a good one I agree but you can’t talk to a reproduction”. He spoke as though the person in the portrait were still living. After a while the carriage got hot and steamy and Mr. Turner dropped off. He woke up just as the train was drawing up at a junction with a grinding of brakes. His companion had disappeared. A few days later, having returned to London, Mr. Turner found himself near the Art Gallery. Moved by some impulse, he went in and inquired for Joseph Hart. The attendant directed him to a room devoted to early nineteenth century portraits of well-known men. There was no one in the room and Mr. Turner looked around him. Without knowing quite how he had got there, he found himself standing in front of a full-length portrait of a young dark man in tight trousers and an embroidered waistcoat. The eyes smiled at him with a hint of amusement. The name-plate at the foot of the picture read: Joseph Hart, Gentleman, 1800-1835.
66. What kind of person was Mr. Turner?
A. Imaginative B. Fantastic C. Sensible D. Insensitive
67. Although he was a lawyer, Mr. Turner_________.
A. pretended to know a lot about art. B. knew something about art C. pretended to take interest in art. D. intended to learn more about art.
68. When the passenger entered Mr. Turner’s department, ________.
A. he was panting B. he was running C. the train was just training D. the carriage was half-empty.
69. The passenger’s clothes didn’t seem strange to Mr. Turner because ________.
A. he was used to wearing strange clothes. B. he liked people who wore strange clothes
C. everyone he knew wore strange clothes. D. he had seen a lot of people in strange clothes
61. Mr. Turner thought the young man might _______.
A. be an art dealer B. be an art expert C. renew old pictures D. paint reproductions of old pictures
62. Why wouldn’t the young man give an opinion on the portrait of the judge?
A. The judge wasn’t alive. B. The judge was still alive. C. The picture was a copy. D. He hadn’t seen it.
63. When did Mr. Turner first realize that the passenger had gone?
A. When the train started. B. After the train had stopped.
C. Just before the train stopped. D. When the train was leaving the station.
64. Why did Mr. Turner go into the Art Gallery?
A. He was walking past there. B. He had never been there before.
C. He has planned to do so D. He suddenly decided to.
65. In the part of the Gallery that Mr. Turner was directed to, ________.
A. there were a lot of pictures of unknown people B. there were a lot of nineteenth century people
C. no one else was looking at the pictures D. he only saw one portrait
66. When Mr. Turner looked the portrait of Joseph Hart, _______.
A. he smiled at it B. he thought it smiled at him C. he didn’t recognize it D. he was amused

True or False

Today,when English is one of the major languages in the world, it requires an effort of the imagination to realize that this is relatively recent thing-that in Shakespeare's time,for example,only a few million people spoke,and the language was not thought to be very important by the other nations of Europe,and was unknown to the rest of the world.

English has become a world language because of its establishment as a mother tongue outside England,in all the continents of the world. This exporting of English began in the seventeenth century,with the first settlements in the United States,assisted by massive immigration in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries,that has given the English language its present standing in the world.

1. English was spoken by a few million people in Shakespeare's time.......

2. It is considered as a mother language outside England.......

3. English was spoken in North America in the seventeenth century.........

4. Most of the immigration in the USA do not speak English.............

Modern English is the (1) _________ of the English language (2) ______ since the great

vowel shift, completed in roughly 1550.

Despite some (3) ________ in vocabulary, text from the (4) _______ 17th century, such as

the works of William Shakespeare and the King James Bible, are considered to be in Modern

English, or more specifically, are referred to as using Early Modern English

According to Ethnology, there are (5) ________ 508 million speakers of English as the first

or (6) ________ language as of 1999, a number dwarfed only by the Chinese language (7) _________ terms of the number of the speakers. However, Chinese has a smaller geographical

range and is spoken primarily in mainland China and Taiwan and also by a sizable immigrant

community in North America. (8) _______, English is spoken in a vast number of territories

including the United Kingdom, Ireland, Canada, the United States of America, Australia, New

Zealand, India, Pakistan, and Southern Africa. Its large number of speakers, plus its worldwide

presence, have made English a (9) _______ language for use in such diverse applications as

controlling airplanes, developing software, conducting international diplomacy, and business (10) ________. 1. A. way B. form C. road D. shape

2. A. spoken B. speak C. told D. said

3. A. variety B. difference C. differences D. unlikelihood

4. A. soon B. early C. premature D. earlier

5. A. on B. beyond C. above D. over

6. A. second B. twice C. two D. secondly

7. A. on B. with C. in D. for

8. A. Contrary B. On contrary C. In contrary D. With contrary

9. A. private B. shared C. common D. public

10. A. relations B. relationship C. related D. relationa

Cloze tests

A. Complete the passage with the words in the box

The differences (1) ............ American English and British English are not as (2)........... as the differences in Chinese dialects. Two (3).......... the differences between American English and British English are (4).......... and spelling. In American English we (5)........ elevator, truck, and apartment. The British say lift, lorry and flat. Another difference is (6).......... . In American English we (7)......... honor, meter, and realize. In British English, these (8)......... are honour, metre, and realise

B. Read the passage and choose the best answers

In other words, language is not necessarily the private property of those (1)........ use it, just as French is not the private property of (2)........ , nor English of Englishmen. English is spoken as a first (3).......... in the United States, in Australia, in New Zealand, in most of Canada, in certain nations of Africa, and in other areas of the (4)...... . It is unreasonable to regard any language as the (5)......... of a particular nation, and with no language is more unreasonable (6)......... with English. This is not to say that English is used by a greater number of (7)....... than any other language, for it is easily outnumnered in this respect by Chinese. But it is the most (8)......... of lamguages

1. A. Which B. Who C. Whom D. Whosr

2. A. Americans B. Dutchmen C. Englishmen D. Frenchmen

3. A. Language B. Luggage C. Baggage D. Country

4. A.Worth B. Work C. Word D. World

5. A. Possession B. Possessive C. Importance D. Necessity

6. A. That B. Than C. As D. So

7. A. Speakers B. Speaker C. Writers D. Writer

8. A. National B. International C. Conpulsory D. Official