\(x-\sqrt{x}-2\\ =x+\sqrt{x}-2\sqrt{x}-2\\ =\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)-2\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)\\ =\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)\)

a)  \(x^2-y^2-4x+4=\left(x-2\right)^2-y^2=\left(x-y-2\right)\left(x+y-2\right)\)

b)  \(x^3-3x^2y-x+3y=x^2\left(x-3y\right)-\left(x-3y\right)=\left(x-3y\right)\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)\)

c)  \(x^3-3x^2-4x+12=x^2\left(x-3\right)-4\left(x-3\right)=\left(x-2\right)\left(x+2\right)\left(x-3\right)\)

\(x-y+\sqrt{xy^2}-\sqrt{y^3}\)

\(=\left(x-y\right)+\left(y\sqrt{x}-y\sqrt{y}\right)\)

\(=\left(\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{y}\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}\right)+y\left(\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{y}\right)\)

\(=\left(\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{y}\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+y\right)\)

\(x\sqrt{x}-1=\sqrt{x^2}.x-1=\sqrt{x}^3-1=\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(x+\sqrt{x}+1\right)\)

=(x^2+x)^2+4(x^2+x)-12

=(x^2+x+6)(x^2+x-2)

=(x^2+x+6)(x+2)(x-1)

a/ \(x^2-4x+3=\left(x^2-x\right)-\left(3x-3\right)=x\left(x-1\right)-3\left(x-1\right)=\left(x-1\right)\left(x-3\right)\)

b/ \(3x^2-5x+2=\left(3x^2-3x\right)-\left(2x-2\right)=3x\left(x-1\right)-2\left(x-1\right)=\left(x-1\right)\left(3x-2\right)\)

\(x^2-4x+3\)

\(=x^2-3x-x-3\)

\(=x\left(x-1\right)-3\left(x-1\right)\)

\(=\left(x-3\right)\left(x-1\right)\)

\(3x^2-5x+2\)

\(=3x^2-3x-2x+2\)

\(=3x\left(x-1\right)-2\left(x-1\right)\)

\(=\left(3x-2\right)\left(x-1\right)\)