II. Read about traffic problems in two cities. Match the city with its problem.
A. Ho Chi Minh City
B. Bangkok
In Ho Chi Minh City, it is not strange to see the sight of a street that is crowded with vehicles. People cannot move and their health is affected by polluted air from exhausted fumes. What are the reasons? The citizens in the city use many personal vehicles to go from one place to another. They aren't used to transporting by public transports. May be because the bus drivers are careless, impolite to them or the taxi fare is too high for some people.
Bangkok is world renowned for its terrible traffic problems, so getting around on the roads is a bit of a nightmare. In my opinion, there are 3 main causes of Bangkok traffic jams. First, the quality of public transportation is low. Bus is of low quality and causes congestion. Second, the BTS and MRT are not enough for users. Finally, the most important cause of traffic jam is car accidents. Bad bus drivers cause accidents frequently and make the road stuck for hours.
PROBLEMS
1. It has low quality public transport.
2. It costs a lot to go by taxi.
3. There are not enough MRTs for its inhabitants.
4. Its citizens use a lot of personal vehicles.
5. There is a high frequency of accidents.

Large cities often have problems that small towns and rural areas do not have. Two of the biggest problems are heavy traffic and the pollution that cars create. Of course. Traffic problems and pollution are not only found in big cities. However, the higher populations and larger number of cars on the roads in cities can make the problems happen more often and with more noticeable effects.

One of the most common traffic problems the large cities have is congestion. As the population of a city increases, so does the number of cars on the road. Cities cannot always improve the number

and size of their roads and highways to keep up with the number of cars. The result is traffic congestion, or trafficjams.

When traffic jams happen, cars that are stuck in the congestion continue to run their engines. This creates pollution and is a big problems. Pollution causes health problems for the people in citiesand also hurts the environment.

c. Careless drivers​d. Less traffic signs on the streets

c. environmental pollution​d. the population

a. full​b. aware​c. incapable​d. uncertain

Write a paragraph about traffic problems and the solutions, using the cues given and the words to show sequence like: first, second, moreover, in addition,..., at last.

1. Most streets/ roads/ our city/ narrow/ in bad conditions.

2. Many people/ not strictly follow/ traffic laws/ when using the roads.

3. For example/ they/ cross/ street/ wrong places/ ride/ motorbike/ wrong direction.

4. Many street vendors/ occupy/ pavement/ display/ goods/ sale/ pedestrians/ walk/ in/ on the road.

5. The number of trucks/ our city/ very big/ so/ they/ interfere/ traffic flow.

6. Constrution/ houses and buildings/ not carefully planned/ so/ they/ occupy/ surface of the roads.

To solve the traffic problems in our city, we should do many things.

7. All streets/ be widened/ and traffic lines/ more logical.

8. We/ encourage/ people/ use public transport/ their personal vehicles.

9. Heavy penalties/ use/ for/ careless/ danferous drivers. People/ be educated/ traffic regulations/ at the same time.

10. In short/ I hope/ traffic problems/ our city/ be solved/ so that/ we/ feel/ comfortable/ when/ use the road.

In our city, there are many traffic problems.

First, most streets

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IV. Use the words given to fill in the blanks. There is one extra word that you do not need to use

We all are destroying the Earth. The seas and rivers are too (1).......................... to swim in. There is so much smoke in the (2) ................................ that it is unhealthy to live in many of the world's cities. In one well-known city, for example, poisonous gases from car (3) ............................. the air so much that policemen have to wear oxygen masks. We have cut (4)......................... so many trees that there are now vast areas of wasteland all over the world. As a result, farmers in parts of Africa cannot (5) ......................... enough to eat. In certain countries in Asia there is so little rice. Moreover, we do not take enough care of the countryside. Wild animals are (6) ............................. disappearing. For instance, tigers are rare in India now. Because we have killed too many for them to survive. However, it is not so simple to talk (7) .............................. the problem. We must act now before it is too late to do anything about it. Join us now. (8) ..................the Earth.

Question 1

I.Write a paragraph about traffic problems and the solutions; using the cues given and the words to show sequence like: First, second, moreover, in addition,.. at last

71.Most streets /roads /our city /narrow /in bad conditions.

72.Many people/not strictly follow/traffic laws/when using the roads.

73.For example/they/cross/street/wrong places/ride/motorbike/wrong direction 74.Many street vendors/occupy/pavement/display/goods/sale /pedestrians /walk/in the road.

75.The number of trucks/our city/very big /so/they /interfere/traffic flow 76.Construction/houses and buildings/not carefully planned/so/they/occupy/surface of the

77.All streets/be widened/and traffic lines/more logical.

78.We/encourage/people/use public transport/ther personal vehicles. 79.Heavy penalties /use/for/careless/dangerous drivers. People /be educated/regulations/at the same time.

80.In short, I hope/traffic problems /our city/be solved/ that/we/feel/comfortable/when/use the road

V. Read the following passage and choose the best answers to each of the questions.

Every state has its own laws for driving and getting a driver's license. To learn these laws, people have to read the Rules of the Road book for their state. They can get the book free at a driver's license facility in their state.

In Illinois, people between the ages of 15 and 18 have to take a driver's education course in school before they can get a permit to practice driving. People over 18 don't have to take this course in order to get a permit. When people get a learner's permit, they have to take a test. They have to know the traffic signs and laws in order to pass this test. Then they have to get their vision tested. When they get theirlearner's permits, they can practice driving, but a licensed driver has to be in the car with

them at all times. A learner's permit is good for one year.

When the learner is ready to get a license, he or she has to take a driving test. During the test, new drivers have to back out of an alley, park uphill anddownhill, make right- and left-turns, obey all traffic laws, and do whatever else the examiner may ask them to do to show that they know how to drive.

1/ What is the writer trying to do in the text?

a. Complain about traffic accidents.

b. Describe what to do to get a driver's license.

c. Persuade drivers to drive carefully.

d. Advise drivers how to drive.

2/ Why would somebody read the text?

a. To find out about traffic laws.

b. To learn how to drive a car.

c. To find out about getting a driver's license.

d. To learn some details about the rules of the roads .

3/ In order to get a driver's license, most important of all, the learner has to .................................

a. read the Rules of the Road book for his/her state

b. get his/her vision tested

c. know all the traffic laws

d. pass a driving test

4/ The word "free" most nearly means ..............................

a. without limit b. without having to pay

c. without shopping d. at any time

5/ The word "alley" most nearly means ......................

a. narrow passage b. garage c. garden d. sidewalk

VI. Read the following passage and choose the best answers to each of the questions.

When you visit London, one of the first things you will see is Big Ben, the famous clock which can be heard allover the world on the B.B.C. If the Houses of Parliament had not been burned down in 1834, the great clock would never have been erected.

Big Ben takes its name from Sir Benjamin Hall who was responsible for the making of the clock when the new Houses of Parliament were being built. It is not only of immense size, but is extremely accurate as well. Officials from Greenwich Observatory have the clock checked twice a day. On the B.B.C. you can hear the clock when it is actually striking because microphones are connected to the clock tower. Big Ben has rarely gone wrong. Once, however, it failed to give the correct time. A painter who had been working on the tower hung a pot of paint on one of the hands and slowed it down!

1/ Big Ben was built .......................

a. for the B.B.C. b. after a fire c. in honour of Sir Benjamin Hall d. long before 1834

2/ Accuracyis maintained ..................._

a. by microphones in the clock tower b. by workmen

c.because the clock is at Greenwich Observatory d.by officials who check the clock frequently

3/ Big Ben is one of the first sights you will see when you London.

a. will visit b. visit c. have visited d. will be visiting

4/ Big Ben is the ..................... clock in London.

a. famousest b. most famous c. more famous d. famouser

5/ It is .......................very big and very accurate. a. and b. also c. both d. together

6/ How often .....................checked?

a. have they it b. they have it c. do they have it d. they do have it

7/ A painter ......... working on the tower hung a pot of paint on one of the hands.

a. who b. had been c. had d. ...................

VII. Read the following passage and choose the best answers to each of the questions.

Quite a number of things have been done tohelp solve traffic problems in Singapore. For example, motorists must buy a special pass if they want to drive into the downtown business district. They can go into the business district only if they have the pass displayed on their windshield.

Another thing Singapore has done is to make it more difficult to buy cars. People have to apply for a certificate if they want to buy a car. And the number of certificates is limited. Not everyone can get one. There is also a high tax on cars, so it costs three or four times as much to buy a car in Singapore as it does in, say, the United States or Canada. The other thing Singapore has done is to build an excellent public transportation system. Their subway system is one of the best in the world. And there is also a very good taxi and bus system.

1/ In Singapore, drivers must have .................... to drive into the downtown business district.

a. a special I D card b. a special pass c. a driving certificate d. a driving lesson

2/ Singapore has done many things to make it difficult to buy cars because it ............................

a. wants to solve the car problems b. wants to help motorists to be safe

c. helps poor people d. wants to solve traffic problems

3/ The public transportation system in Singapore is ...................................

a. not very good b. very good c. very bad d. awful

We all are destroying the Earth. The seas and rivers are too (1).......................... to swim in. There is so much smoke in the (2) ................................ that it is unhealthy to live in many of the world's cities. In one well-known city, for example, poisonous gases from car (3) ............................. the air so much that policemen have to wear oxygen masks. We have cut (4)......................... so many trees that there are now vast areas of wasteland all over the world. As a result, farmers in parts of Africa cannot (5) ......................... enough to eat. In certain countries in Asia there is so little rice. Moreover, we do not take enough care of the countryside. Wild animals are (6) ............................. disappearing. For instance, tigers are rare in India now. Because we have killed too many for them to survive. However, it is not so simple to talk (7) .............................. the problem. We must act now before it is too late to do anything about it. Join us now. (8) ..................the Earth.

Question 3