Read an opinion essay and match each paragraph with the correct description.

A. Second reason for supporting this view with examples and facts

B. Conclusion summarising the writer's point of view

C. First reason for supporting this view with examples and facts

D. Introduction to the issue and the writer's point of view

Read the article again and choose the correct answers A, B, or C.

1. Which of the following is not a COP’s key goal?

A. Stop cutting down forests.

B. Replace coal with cleaner sources of energy.

C. End methane emissions.

2. What will happen if there is a balance between the greenhouse gases released and those removed from the atmosphere?

A. Global warming will be limited to 1.5°C.

B. Global CO₂ emissions will increase.

C. Countries will switch to clean energy.

3. Why is it important to reduce the use of coal?

A. Because it is easy to build coal plants.

B. Because coal is not as clean as gas.

C. Because it is responsible for a large part of the CO₂ emissions.

4. How does deforestation contribute to global warming?

A. Trees remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.

B. Trees release carbon into the atmosphere when they are cut down or burnt.

C. Forests trap heat and increase temperatures.

5. Why is reducing methane emissions a key goal?

A. Because its emissions result from farming activities and landfill waste.

B. Because methane’s warming power is stronger than that of CO₂.

C. Because it is produced through human activities.

 Read the article again and complete the summary with one word for each blank.

All of the highways and roadways in cities will become ¹________ with IoT sensors which will process data of weather, crashes, traffic conditions and send them directly to users. Users will not have to drive. Cars as well as other vehicles will go ²________. The word 'Driver' will no longer be used. Traffic ³________ will be solved by tunnels. A ⁴________ system will run along 3D underground roads at high speed. Travelling from one city to another will not take much time thanks to air taxis. Green energy will be used for all means of transport, and the first concern is how to make effective ⁵________

Read the article and look at the pictures. Match the underlined words in the article with pictures 1-4.

A gut feeling?

Emotions do not just occur in your mind; they also have a physical effect on your body. A group of scientists from Finland decided to find out which emotions affect which parts of the body. They asked 701 volunteers to colour in silhouettes in response to emotional words, stories and videos. The results show that the people generally experience emotions like anger, envy and shame in similar ways.

For example, when you're angry, you probably feel that anger mostly in your chest and head. But if you feel ashamed, you probably notice it in your face and, in particular, your cheeks. Depression makes your whole body feel less active, whereas happiness affects your whole body in a positive way.

'Hot' colours like yellow and red show an increase in activity, while blue shows the opposite. Black is neutral.

Read the article and choose the best title for it.

In 1994, the UN decided to bring together world leaders for an annual event, known as COP or ‘Conference of Parties’, to discuss climate change. This year’s conference will review what has been achieved and discuss the key goals.

The first goal is to limit the global temperature rise to 1.5°C. This will require reducing global CO₂ emissions by 50 per cent by 2030, and by 2050 achieving a balance between the greenhouse gases released into the atmosphere and those removed from it.

The second goal is to reduce the use of coal, whichis the dirtiest fuel and biggest source of planet-warming CO₂ emissions. Countries will have to stop building new coal plants and switch to clean sources of energy.

The third goal is to end deforestation. Forests remove CO₂ from the atmosphere and slow global warming. But when they are cut down or burnt, they release the carbon stored in the trees into the atmosphere as CO₂. Stopping deforestation is, therefore, an effective solution to climate change.

The last key goal is to reduce methane emissions. Methane is a greenhouse gas that is more powerful than CO2 at warming the earth. It is responsible for nearly one-third of current warming from human activities. Methane comes from farming activities and landfill waste. The production and use of coal, oil, and natural gas also release methane.

This conference is very important because this is the best last chance we have to slow global warming. World leaders, climate experts, organisations, and national representatives will carefully discuss these goals and agree on how to make global progress on climate change.

Find all the examples of the past simple and the present perfect in the article. Complete the rules in the Learn this! box below with present perfect or past simple. Then underline an example of each rule in the article.

LEARN THIS! Present perfect and past simple

a. We use ¹___________ to talk about a specific occasion in the past.

b. We use ²___________ to talk about a specific period of time that is still continuing.

c. We use ³___________ to say how long a situation has existed, often with for, since, or how long.

d. We use ⁴___________to talk about an event that has a strong connection with the present, often with just, already, or yet.

e. We use ⁵___________to talk about an experience at an unspecified time in the past, often with ever or never.

Read the Writing Strategy. Does the writer follow all of the advice? Give examples.

Read the Look out! box and underline three examples of ‘of’ with the quantifiers in the article.

                                                 MR CONNECTED

Chris Dancy loves technology. A few years ago, he noticed that he had very little information about his habits, health and lifestyle, and he wanted to lose some weight. So he bought some gadgets that could collect this information and help him understand himself better. Now he is connected to 700 sensors that record every detail of his life. He monitors what he eats and drinks, how long he sleeps, how much he spends, his mood... even the activity of his dogs! Few, if any, people collect as much data about themselves as Chris.

Most of his gadgets are attached to him. He wears gadgets on both arms, a heart rate monitor and a device that counts calories. He has a smartwatch too, which he can wear on either wrist. His house and car are also full of gadgets. Every one of them sends data to his computer, and at the end of each day Chris spends a little time analysing it. The smartwatch is the only gadget he wears all the time. He doesn't wear all of his gadgets 24/7, but he has so many systems that automatically track his activity that there aren't any days when there is no monitoring at all.