Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 45.

PHOBIAS CONTROL THE EYES

People with an overpowering fear of something may not be able to consciously control the direction of their gaze when faced with a picture that provokes that fear. Those with a fear of spiders, or arachnophobia, may not be able to avoid looking toward a spider in the grass, while those without the fear can. To reach this finding, 26 college students - half of whom had arachnophobia - were outfitted with a device that tracks eye movements. The participants were then shown a four-by-four grid of flowers on a computer screen, where a picture of a grey-brown spider and a grey-brown mushroom each occupied one space on the grid.

In one trial, the students were asked to press the spacebar when they spotted a mushroom, but to ignore any spiders. In a second, the students were asked to press the key when they saw the spider, but to avoid looking at mushrooms. When instructed to ignore the spider and spot the mushroom, the students with arachnophobia could not avoid looking at the spider - causing them to notice the mushroom three-tenths of a second more slowly than the control group. Additionally, when the students were asked to search for the spider, the arachnophobic students found the spider and pressed the space bar about three-tenths of a second more quickly than the non-phobic students.

These findings show that the attention processes of people with a powerful fear of spiders may be beyond their conscious control. This suggests that treatments that focus on conscious thought processes may not work for such phobias. Instead, therapists could focus on treatments such as systematic desensitization.

It can be inferred that provokes in paragraph I is closest in meaning to x .

A. eases

B. treats

C. reminds

D. causes

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 45.

PHOBIAS CONTROL THE EYES

People with an overpowering fear of something may not be able to consciously control the direction of their gaze when faced with a picture that provokes that fear. Those with a fear of spiders, or arachnophobia, may not be able to avoid looking toward a spider in the grass, while those without the fear can. To reach this finding, 26 college students - half of whom had arachnophobia - were outfitted with a device that tracks eye movements. The participants were then shown a four-by-four grid of flowers on a computer screen, where a picture of a grey-brown spider and a grey-brown mushroom each occupied one space on the grid.

In one trial, the students were asked to press the spacebar when they spotted a mushroom, but to ignore any spiders. In a second, the students were asked to press the key when they saw the spider, but to avoid looking at mushrooms. When instructed to ignore the spider and spot the mushroom, the students with arachnophobia could not avoid looking at the spider - causing them to notice the mushroom three-tenths of a second more slowly than the control group. Additionally, when the students were asked to search for the spider, the arachnophobic students found the spider and pressed the space bar about three-tenths of a second more quickly than the non-phobic students.

These findings show that the attention processes of people with a powerful fear of spiders may be beyond their conscious control. This suggests that treatments that focus on conscious thought processes may not work for such phobias. Instead, therapists could focus on treatments such as systematic desensitization.

It can be inferred that spotted in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to x .

A. ignored

B. feared

C. saw

D. instructed

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 45.

PHOBIAS CONTROL THE EYES

People with an overpowering fear of something may not be able to consciously control the direction of their gaze when faced with a picture that provokes that fear. Those with a fear of spiders, or arachnophobia, may not be able to avoid looking toward a spider in the grass, while those without the fear can. To reach this finding, 26 college students - half of whom had arachnophobia - were outfitted with a device that tracks eye movements. The participants were then shown a four-by-four grid of flowers on a computer screen, where a picture of a grey-brown spider and a grey-brown mushroom each occupied one space on the grid.

In one trial, the students were asked to press the spacebar when they spotted a mushroom, but to ignore any spiders. In a second, the students were asked to press the key when they saw the spider, but to avoid looking at mushrooms. When instructed to ignore the spider and spot the mushroom, the students with arachnophobia could not avoid looking at the spider - causing them to notice the mushroom three-tenths of a second more slowly than the control group. Additionally, when the students were asked to search for the spider, the arachnophobic students found the spider and pressed the space bar about three-tenths of a second more quickly than the non-phobic students.

These findings show that the attention processes of people with a powerful fear of spiders may be beyond their conscious control. This suggests that treatments that focus on conscious thought processes may not work for such phobias. Instead, therapists could focus on treatments such as systematic desensitization.

Why was the device to track eye movement needed?

A. to make sure the students were looking at the computer screen

B. to move the spider’s location around

C. to verify where the students were looking

D. to make the students look only in one place

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 45.

PHOBIAS CONTROL THE EYES

People with an overpowering fear of something may not be able to consciously control the direction of their gaze when faced with a picture that provokes that fear. Those with a fear of spiders, or arachnophobia, may not be able to avoid looking toward a spider in the grass, while those without the fear can. To reach this finding, 26 college students - half of whom had arachnophobia - were outfitted with a device that tracks eye movements. The participants were then shown a four-by-four grid of flowers on a computer screen, where a picture of a grey-brown spider and a grey-brown mushroom each occupied one space on the grid.

In one trial, the students were asked to press the spacebar when they spotted a mushroom, but to ignore any spiders. In a second, the students were asked to press the key when they saw the spider, but to avoid looking at mushrooms. When instructed to ignore the spider and spot the mushroom, the students with arachnophobia could not avoid looking at the spider - causing them to notice the mushroom three-tenths of a second more slowly than the control group. Additionally, when the students were asked to search for the spider, the arachnophobic students found the spider and pressed the space bar about three-tenths of a second more quickly than the non-phobic students.

These findings show that the attention processes of people with a powerful fear of spiders may be beyond their conscious control. This suggests that treatments that focus on conscious thought processes may not work for such phobias. Instead, therapists could focus on treatments such as systematic desensitization.

What do the results of the experiment tell us about people with phobias?

A. They should always avoid the object of their fear

B. They don’t have to try to change their thoughts.

C. They can’t consciously choose how to react to the feared object.

D. All of the above

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 45.

PHOBIAS CONTROL THE EYES

People with an overpowering fear of something may not be able to consciously control the direction of their gaze when faced with a picture that provokes that fear. Those with a fear of spiders, or arachnophobia, may not be able to avoid looking toward a spider in the grass, while those without the fear can. To reach this finding, 26 college students - half of whom had arachnophobia - were outfitted with a device that tracks eye movements. The participants were then shown a four-by-four grid of flowers on a computer screen, where a picture of a grey-brown spider and a grey-brown mushroom each occupied one space on the grid.

In one trial, the students were asked to press the spacebar when they spotted a mushroom, but to ignore any spiders. In a second, the students were asked to press the key when they saw the spider, but to avoid looking at mushrooms. When instructed to ignore the spider and spot the mushroom, the students with arachnophobia could not avoid looking at the spider - causing them to notice the mushroom three-tenths of a second more slowly than the control group. Additionally, when the students were asked to search for the spider, the arachnophobic students found the spider and pressed the space bar about three-tenths of a second more quickly than the non-phobic students.

These findings show that the attention processes of people with a powerful fear of spiders may be beyond their conscious control. This suggests that treatments that focus on conscious thought processes may not work for such phobias. Instead, therapists could focus on treatments such as systematic desensitization.

What was the function of the spacebar?

A. to give the students something to do

B. to give the students place to rest their thumbs

C. to allow the students to put spaces between words

D.  to determine the amount of time needed to find an item in the picture

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 45.

PHOBIAS CONTROL THE EYES

People with an overpowering fear of something may not be able to consciously control the direction of their gaze when faced with a picture that provokes that fear. Those with a fear of spiders, or arachnophobia, may not be able to avoid looking toward a spider in the grass, while those without the fear can. To reach this finding, 26 college students - half of whom had arachnophobia - were outfitted with a device that tracks eye movements. The participants were then shown a four-by-four grid of flowers on a computer screen, where a picture of a grey-brown spider and a grey-brown mushroom each occupied one space on the grid.

In one trial, the students were asked to press the spacebar when they spotted a mushroom, but to ignore any spiders. In a second, the students were asked to press the key when they saw the spider, but to avoid looking at mushrooms. When instructed to ignore the spider and spot the mushroom, the students with arachnophobia could not avoid looking at the spider - causing them to notice the mushroom three-tenths of a second more slowly than the control group. Additionally, when the students were asked to search for the spider, the arachnophobic students found the spider and pressed the space bar about three-tenths of a second more quickly than the non-phobic students.

These findings show that the attention processes of people with a powerful fear of spiders may be beyond their conscious control. This suggests that treatments that focus on conscious thought processes may not work for such phobias. Instead, therapists could focus on treatments such as systematic desensitization.

The word their in paragraph 3 refers to  x .

A. findings

B. processes

C. spiders

D. none of the above

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 45.

PHOBIAS CONTROL THE EYES

People with an overpowering fear of something may not be able to consciously control the direction of their gaze when faced with a picture that provokes that fear. Those with a fear of spiders, or arachnophobia, may not be able to avoid looking toward a spider in the grass, while those without the fear can. To reach this finding, 26 college students - half of whom had arachnophobia - were outfitted with a device that tracks eye movements. The participants were then shown a four-by-four grid of flowers on a computer screen, where a picture of a grey-brown spider and a grey-brown mushroom each occupied one space on the grid.

In one trial, the students were asked to press the spacebar when they spotted a mushroom, but to ignore any spiders. In a second, the students were asked to press the key when they saw the spider, but to avoid looking at mushrooms. When instructed to ignore the spider and spot the mushroom, the students with arachnophobia could not avoid looking at the spider - causing them to notice the mushroom three-tenths of a second more slowly than the control group. Additionally, when the students were asked to search for the spider, the arachnophobic students found the spider and pressed the space bar about three-tenths of a second more quickly than the non-phobic students.

These findings show that the attention processes of people with a powerful fear of spiders may be beyond their conscious control. This suggests that treatments that focus on conscious thought processes may not work for such phobias. Instead, therapists could focus on treatments such as systematic desensitization.

What is the main idea of the passage?

A.  People who are afraid of spiders don't look at them.

B.  People with phobias can’t help looking at things they are afraid of.

C. People with arachnophobia always look at spiders first.

D.  Phobias affect eyesight.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 45.

PHOBIAS CONTROL THE EYES

People with an overpowering fear of something may not be able to consciously control the direction of their gaze when faced with a picture that provokes that fear. Those with a fear of spiders, or arachnophobia, may not be able to avoid looking toward a spider in the grass, while those without the fear can. To reach this finding, 26 college students - half of whom had arachnophobia - were outfitted with a device that tracks eye movements. The participants were then shown a four-by-four grid of flowers on a computer screen, where a picture of a grey-brown spider and a grey-brown mushroom each occupied one space on the grid.

In one trial, the students were asked to press the spacebar when they spotted a mushroom, but to ignore any spiders. In a second, the students were asked to press the key when they saw the spider, but to avoid looking at mushrooms. When instructed to ignore the spider and spot the mushroom, the students with arachnophobia could not avoid looking at the spider - causing them to notice the mushroom three-tenths of a second more slowly than the control group. Additionally, when the students were asked to search for the spider, the arachnophobic students found the spider and pressed the space bar about three-tenths of a second more quickly than the non-phobic students.

These findings show that the attention processes of people with a powerful fear of spiders may be beyond their conscious control. This suggests that treatments that focus on conscious thought processes may not work for such phobias. Instead, therapists could focus on treatments such as systematic desensitization.

What is the purpose of the passage?

A.  to prove that phobias are a myth

B. to help people with phobias

C. to relate research findings about phobias affecting eye control

D. to relate research findings about phobias controlling eyesight

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 45.

PHOBIAS CONTROL THE EYES

People with an overpowering fear of something may not be able to consciously control the direction of their gaze when faced with a picture that provokes that fear. Those with a fear of spiders, or arachnophobia, may not be able to avoid looking toward a spider in the grass, while those without the fear can. To reach this finding, 26 college students - half of whom had arachnophobia - were outfitted with a device that tracks eye movements. The participants were then shown a four-by-four grid of flowers on a computer screen, where a picture of a grey-brown spider and a grey-brown mushroom each occupied one space on the grid.

In one trial, the students were asked to press the spacebar when they spotted a mushroom, but to ignore any spiders. In a second, the students were asked to press the key when they saw the spider, but to avoid looking at mushrooms. When instructed to ignore the spider and spot the mushroom, the students with arachnophobia could not avoid looking at the spider - causing them to notice the mushroom three-tenths of a second more slowly than the control group. Additionally, when the students were asked to search for the spider, the arachnophobic students found the spider and pressed the space bar about three-tenths of a second more quickly than the non-phobic students.

These findings show that the attention processes of people with a powerful fear of spiders may be beyond their conscious control. This suggests that treatments that focus on conscious thought processes may not work for such phobias. Instead, therapists could focus on treatments such as systematic desensitization.

What can we infer that the word phobia means?

A. a new type of spider        

B. a fear of something

C. a scientific experiment

D. the name of a flower