nBaO=30,6/153=0,2(mol)

a) PTHH: BaO + 2 HNO3 -> Ba(NO3)2 + H2O

b) nHNO3=0,2.2=0,4(mol) => mHNO3= 63.0,4=25,2(g)

=>C%ddHNO3=(25,2/150).100=16,8%

\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{26}{65}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\ pthh:Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\uparrow\) 
           0,4       0,8        0,4           0,4
\(a,V_{H_2}=0,4.22,4=8,96\left(l\right)\\ b,C\%_{HCl}=\dfrac{0,8.36,5}{150}.100\%=19,5\%\\ c,m_{\text{dd}}=26+150-\left(0,4.2\right)=175,2\left(g\right)\\ C\%_{ZnCl_2}=\dfrac{0,4.136}{175,2}.100\%=31\%\)

\(a)\ n_{Al} = \dfrac{8,1}{27} = 0,3(mol)\\ n_{H_2SO_4} = \dfrac{200.14,7\%}{98} = 0,3(mol)\\ 2Al + 3H_2SO_4 \to Al_2(SO_4)_3 + 3H_2\\ n_{H_2SO_4} = 0,3 < \dfrac{3}{2}n_{Al} = 0,45\)

Do đó, Al dư

\(n_{H_2} = n_{H_2SO_4} = 0,3(mol)\\ V = 0,3.22,4 = 6,72(lít)\)

b)

\(n_{Al\ pư} = \dfrac{2}{3}n_{H_2SO_4} = 0,2(mol)\\ n_{Al_2(SO_4)_3} = \dfrac{1}{3}n_{H_2SO_4} = 0,1(mol)\\ m_{dd} = 0,2.27 + 200 - 0,3.2 = 204,8(gam)\\ \Rightarrow C\%_{Al_2(SO_4)_3} =\dfrac{0,1.342}{204,8}.100\% = 16,7\%\)

pt: 2Al + 3H₂SO₄ \(\rightarrow\) Al₂(SO₄)₃ +3H₂

nAl =\(\dfrac{8,1}{27}=0,3\left(mol\right)\), \(m_{H_2SO_4}=14,7\%.200=29,4g\Rightarrow n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{29,4}{98}=0,3mol\)

Theo pt: \(nAl:nH_2SO_4=\dfrac{0,3}{2}:\dfrac{0,3}{3}=0,15:0,1=3:2\)

=> Al dư

Theo pt: nH₂ = nH₂SO₄ = 0,3mol => VH₂ = 0,3.22,4=6,75 lít

b) theo pt: nAl₂(SO₄)₃ = \(\dfrac{1}{3}nH_2SO_4=0,1mol\)

=> mAl₂(SO₄)₃ = 0,1.342 = 34,2g

Áp dụng bảo toàn khối lượng

mAl + mH₂SO₄ = mAl₂(SO₄)₃ dung dịch + mH₂

=> m dung dịch Al₂(SO₄)₃ = 8,1+200-0,3.2 = 207,5g

C% A = \(\dfrac{34,2}{207,5}.100\%\approx16,48\%\)

\(n_{MgCO_3}=\dfrac{16,8}{84}=0,2mol\\ a.MgCO_3+H_2SO_4->MgSO_4+H_2O+CO_2\\ 2NaOH+H_2SO_{\text{4 }}->Na_2SO_4+2H_2O\\ b.n_{H_2SO_4dư}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{1}{2}.80.0,1:40=0,1mol\\ n_{H_2SO_4\left(MgCO_3\right)}=0,2mol\\ c.C\%=\dfrac{98.0,3}{200}.100\%=14,7\%\\ V=0,2.22,4=4,48L\\ d.m_{ddsau}=200+16,8-44.0,2+80=288g\\ C\%_{Na_2SO_4}=\dfrac{40.0,1}{288}.100\%=1,39\%\\ C\%_{MgSO_4}=\dfrac{120.0,2}{288}.100\%=8,33\%\)

\(n_{MgCO_3}=\dfrac{16,8}{84}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{80}{40}=2\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH :

\(MgCO_3+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2O+CO_2\uparrow\)

0,2              0,2                                         0,2 

\(2NaOH+H_2SO_4\rightarrow Na_2SO_4+2H_2O\)

2                 1                 1

Vậy có 0,2 mol H2SO4 phản ứng với MgCO3 

       có 1 mol H2SO4 phản ứng với NaOH 

\(m_{H_2SO_4}=1,2.98=117,6\left(g\right)\)

\(c,C\%_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{117,6}{200}.100\%=58,8\%\)

\(V_{CO_2}=0,2.22,4=4,48\left(l\right)\)

\(d,m_{Na_2SO_4}=1.142=142\left(g\right)\)

\(m_{ddNaOH}=\dfrac{80.100}{10}=800\left(g\right)\)

\(m_{ddH_2SO_4dư}=1.98:58,8\%\approx166,67\left(g\right)\)

\(m_{ddNa_2SO_4}=800+166,67=966,67\left(g\right)\)

\(C\%_{Na_2SO_4}=\dfrac{142}{966,67}.100\%\approx14,69\%\)

a, \(Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\)

b, \(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{11,2}{56}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

Theo PT: \(n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{Fe}=0,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{H_2SO_4}=0,2.98=19,6\left(g\right)\)

c, \(C\%_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{19,6}{50}.100\%=39,2\%\)

d, Theo PT: \(n_{H_2}=n_{Fe}=0,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,2.22,4=4,48\left(l\right)\)

$n_{Al_2O_3} = \dfrac{4,08}{102} = 0,04(mol)$

\(Al_2O_3+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2O\)

0,04          0,12                    0,04                                (mol)

$m_{Al_2(SO_4)_3} = 0,04.342 = 13,68(gam)$

$C\%_{H_2SO_4} = \dfrac{0,12.98}{280}.100\% = 4,2\%$

\(a.Na_2CO_3+2HCl\rightarrow2NaCl+CO_2+H_2O\\ n_{NaCl}=n_{HCl}=2.n_{CO_2}=2.\dfrac{448:1000}{22,4}=0,04\left(mol\right)\\ C_{MddHCl}=\dfrac{0,04}{0,02}=2\left(M\right)\\ b.m_{NaCl}=58,5.0,04=2,34\left(g\right)\\ c.m_{Na_2CO_3}=106.0,02=2,12\left(g\right)\\ \%m_{Na_2CO_3}=\dfrac{2,12}{5}.100=42,4\%\\ \%m_{NaCl}=100\%-42,4\%=57,6\%\)

Bài 16 : 

\(n_{CO2}=\dfrac{0,448}{22,4}=0,02\left(mol\right)\)

Pt : \(Na_2CO_3+2HCl\rightarrow2NaCl+CO_2+H_2O|\)

            1              2                2           1         1

           0,02         0,04           0,04     0,02

a) \(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{0,02.2}{1}=0,04\left(mol\right)\)

 20ml = 0,02l

\(C_{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0,04}{0,02}=2\left(M\right)\)

b) \(n_{NaCl}=\dfrac{0,02.2}{1}=0,04\left(mol\right)\)

⇒ \(m_{NaCl}=0,04.58,5=2,34\left(g\right)\)

c) \(n_{Na2CO3}=\dfrac{0,04.1}{2}=0,02\left(mol\right)\)

 ⇒ \(m_{Na2CO3}=0,02.106=2,12\left(g\right)\)

\(m_{NaCl}=5-2,12=2,88\left(g\right)\)

⁰/₀Na₂CO₃ = \(\dfrac{2,12.100}{5}=42,4\)⁰/₀

⁰/₀NaCl = \(\dfrac{2,88.100}{5}=57,6\)⁰/₀

 Chúc bạn học tốt

\(n_{Na}=\dfrac{6,9}{23}=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ m_{HCl}=200.3,65\%=7,3\left(g\right)\\ n_{HCl}=\dfrac{7,3}{36,5}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

\(PTHH:2Na+2HCl\rightarrow2NaCl+H_2\uparrow\\ LTL:0,3>0,2\Rightarrow Na.dư\)

Theo pt: n_H2 = 2n_HCl = 2.0,2 = 0,4 (mol)

V_H2 = 0,4.22,4 = 8,96 (l)

Theo pt: n_NaCl = n_{Na (phản ứng)} = n_HCl = 0,2 (mol)

=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{NaCl}=0,2.58,5=11,7\left(g\right)\\m_{Na\left(dư\right)}=\left(0,3-0,2\right).23=2,3\left(g\right)\\m_{H_2}=0,4.2=0,8\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

=> \(m_{dd}=200+6,9-2,3-0,8=203,8\left(g\right)\)

=> C%_NaCl = \(\dfrac{11,7}{203,8}=5,74\%\)

\(m_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{200.9,8}{100}=19,6\left(g\right)\)

\(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{19,6}{98}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH :

\(X+H_2SO_4\rightarrow XSO_4+H_2\)

0,2        0,2          0,2        0,2

\(M_X=\dfrac{8}{0,2}=40\left(dvC\right)\)

-> Canxi 

\(b,V_{H_2}=0,2.22,4=4,48\left(l\right)\)

\(c,m_{CaSO_4}=0,2.136=27,2\left(g\right)\)

\(m_{ddCaSO_4}=8+200-\left(0,2.2\right)=207,6\left(g\right)\)

\(C\%=\dfrac{27,2}{207,6}.100\%\approx13,1\%\)