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\(\frac{bc}{a^2\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{ca}{b^2\left(c+a\right)}+\frac{ab}{c^2\left(a+b\right)}\ge\frac{1}{2a}+\frac{1}{2b}+\frac{1}{2c}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{bc}{a^2\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{b+c}{4bc}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{bc}{a^2\left(b+c\right)}\cdot\frac{b+c}{4bc}}=\frac{1}{a}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{ca}{b^2\left(c+a\right)}+\frac{c+a}{4ca}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{ca}{b^2\left(c+a\right)}\cdot\frac{c+a}{4ca}}=\frac{1}{b}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{ab}{c^2\left(a+b\right)}+\frac{a+b}{4ab}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{ab}{c^2\left(a+b\right)}\cdot\frac{a+b}{4ab}}=\frac{1}{c}\)
Cộng theo vế các bất đẳng thức trên ta được:
\(\frac{bc}{a^2\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{ca}{b^2\left(c+a\right)}+\frac{ab}{c^2\left(a+b\right)}+\frac{b+c}{4bc}+\frac{c+a}{4ca}+\frac{a+b}{4ab}\ge\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\)
Mà\(\frac{b+c}{4bc}+\frac{c+a}{4ca}+\frac{a+b}{4ab}=\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\)nên:
\(\frac{bc}{a^2\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{ca}{b^2\left(c+a\right)}+\frac{ab}{c^2\left(a+b\right)}\ge\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}-\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\)
hay\(\frac{bc}{a^2\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{ca}{b^2\left(c+a\right)}+\frac{ab}{c^2\left(a+b\right)}\ge\frac{1}{2a}+\frac{1}{2b}+\frac{1}{2c}\)
Bất đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
Lời giải:
\(\text{BĐT}\Leftrightarrow \frac{\frac{a^3}{b}+\frac{b^3}{c}+\frac{c^3}{a}}{abc}\geq\frac{ab+bc+ac}{abc}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \frac{a^3}{b}+\frac{b^3}{c}+\frac{c^3}{a}\geq ab+bc+ac\) \((\star)\)
Điều này hiển nhiên đúng vì theo Cauchy-SChwarz kết hợp AM-GM:
\(\text{VT}_{\star}=\frac{a^4}{ab}+\frac{b^4}{bc}+\frac{c^4}{ac}\geq \frac{(a^2+b^2+c^2)^2}{ab+bc+ac}\geq ab+bc+ac\)
Do đó ta có đpcm
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi $a=b=c$
1)
\(2a+\frac{4}{a}+\frac{16}{a+2}=\left(a+\frac{4}{a}\right)+\left[\left(a+2\right)+\frac{16}{a+2}\right]-2\ge4+8-2=10\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi a=2
2)
\(\hept{\begin{cases}\sqrt{a\left(1-4a\right)}=\frac{1}{2}\sqrt{4a\left(1-4a\right)}\le\frac{1}{2}\cdot\frac{4a+1-4a}{2}=\frac{1}{4}\\\sqrt{b\left(1-4b\right)}=\frac{1}{2}\sqrt{4\left(1-4a\right)}\le\frac{1}{2}\cdot\frac{4b+1-4b}{2}=\frac{1}{4}\\\sqrt{c\left(1-4c\right)}=\frac{1}{2}\sqrt{4c\left(1-4c\right)}\le\frac{1}{2}\cdot\frac{4c+1-4c}{2}=\frac{1}{4}\end{cases}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{a\left(1-4a\right)}+\sqrt{b\left(1-4b\right)}+\sqrt{c\left(1-4c\right)}\le\frac{3}{4}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{8}\)
\(P=\frac{a^2}{ab+2ac}+\frac{b^2}{bc+2ab}+\frac{c^2}{ac+2bc}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\ge\frac{3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}{3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}=1\)
\(P_{min}=1\) khi \(a=b=c=1\)
Áp dụng bđt Cauchy-schwarz dạng engel ta có:
1. \(\frac{a^2}{a+2b}+\frac{b^2}{b+2c}+\frac{c^2}{c+2a}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{\left(a+2b\right)+\left(b+2c\right)+\left(c+2a\right)}=\frac{a+b+c}{3}\)
Dấu "=" \(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a}{a+2b}=\frac{b}{b+2c}=\frac{c}{c+2a}\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)
2. \(\frac{a^2}{2a+3b}+\frac{b^2}{2b+3c}+\frac{c^2}{2c+3a}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{\left(2a+3b\right)+\left(2b+3c\right)+\left(2c+3a\right)}=\frac{a+b+c}{5}\)
Dấu "=" \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)
Lời giải:
Để bài toán được thỏa mãn thì:
\(\left\{\begin{matrix} 2a+b\vdots a+2b+1\\ a+2b\vdots 2a+b-2\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow (2a+b)(a+2b)\vdots (a+2b+1)(2a+b-2)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (2a+b)(a+2b)\vdots (a+2b)(2a+b)-3b-2\)
\(\Rightarrow 3b+2\vdots (a+2b+1)(2a+b-2)\)
Vì $3b+2>0$ nên từ đây suy ra $3b+2\geq (a+2b+1)(2a+b-2)$
Mà $a\geq 1$ nên $(a+2b+1)(2a+b-2)\geq (2+2b)b$
$\Rightarrow 3b+2\geq (2+2b)b
$\Leftrightarrow 2b^2-b-2\leq 0(*)$
Nếu $b\geq 2$ thì $2b^2-b-2\geq 4b-b-2=3b-2>0$ nên không thỏa mãn $(*)$
Do đó $b=1$
Thay vào điều kiện ban đầu: $2a+1\vdots a+3$
$\Leftrightarrow 2(a+3)-5\vdots a+3$
$\Leftrightarrow 5\vdots a+3$
$\Rightarrow a+3=5$ (do $a+3\geq 4$) $\Rightarrow a=2$
Thử lại thấy thỏa mãn
@Akai Haruma