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Ở tử đặt nhân tử chung căn x chung rồi lại đặt căn x +1 chung
Ở mẫu tách 3 căn x ra 2 căn x +căn x rồi đặt nhân tử 2 căn x ra
rút gọn được \(\frac{3\sqrt{x}-5}{2\sqrt{x}+1}\)
\(\sqrt{\frac{5+2\sqrt{6}}{5-2\sqrt{6}}}+\sqrt{\frac{5-2\sqrt{6}}{5+2\sqrt{6}}}\)
\(=\sqrt{\frac{3+2\sqrt{3}\sqrt{2}+2}{3-2\sqrt{3}\sqrt{2}+2}}+\sqrt{\frac{3-2\sqrt{3}\sqrt{2}+2}{3+2\sqrt{3}\sqrt{2}+2}}\)
\(=\sqrt{\frac{\left(\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}\right)^2}{\left(\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{3}\right)^2}}+\sqrt{\frac{\left(\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{3}\right)^2}{\left(\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}\right)^2}}\)
\(=\frac{\left(\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}\right)}{\left(\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{3}\right)}+\frac{\left(\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{3}\right)}{\left(\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}\right)}\)\
\(=\frac{\left(\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}\right)\left(\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}\right)+\left(\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{3}\right)\left(\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{3}\right)}{\left(\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{3}\right)\left(\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\left(\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{3}\right)^2}{\left(\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{3}\right)\left(\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}\right)}\)
\(=\frac{5+2\sqrt{6}+5-2\sqrt{6}}{\left(\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{3}\right)\left(\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}\right)}\)
\(=10\)
\(\frac{3+2\sqrt{3}}{\sqrt{3}}+\frac{2+\sqrt{2}}{\sqrt{2}+1}-\left(\sqrt{2}+3\right)\)
\(=\frac{\sqrt{3}\left(\sqrt{3}+2\right)}{\sqrt{3}}+\frac{\sqrt{2}\left(\sqrt{2}+1\right)}{\sqrt{2}+1}-\left(\sqrt{2}+3\right)\)
\(=\sqrt{3}+2+\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{2}-3\)
\(=\sqrt{3}-1\)
a) Ta có: \(A=\sqrt{8-2\sqrt{15}}\cdot\left(\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{5}\right)-\left(\sqrt{45}-\sqrt{20}\right)\)
\(=\sqrt{5-2\cdot\sqrt{5}\cdot\sqrt{3}+3}\cdot\left(\sqrt{5}+\sqrt{3}\right)-\sqrt{5}\left(\sqrt{9}-\sqrt{4}\right)\)
\(=\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{5}-\sqrt{3}\right)^2}\cdot\left(\sqrt{5}+\sqrt{3}\right)-\sqrt{5}\)
\(=\left|\sqrt{5}-\sqrt{3}\right|\cdot\left(\sqrt{5}+\sqrt{3}\right)-\sqrt{5}\)
\(=\left(\sqrt{5}-\sqrt{3}\right)\cdot\left(\sqrt{5}+\sqrt{3}\right)-\sqrt{5}\)(Vì \(\sqrt{5}>\sqrt{3}\))
\(=5-3-\sqrt{5}\)
\(=2-\sqrt{5}\)
b) Ta có: \(B=\left(\frac{\sqrt{21}-\sqrt{3}}{\sqrt{7}-1}-\frac{\sqrt{15}-\sqrt{3}}{1-\sqrt{5}}\right)\left(\frac{1}{2}\sqrt{6}-\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}}+3\sqrt{\frac{2}{3}}\right)\)
\(=\left(\frac{\sqrt{3}\left(\sqrt{7}-1\right)}{\sqrt{7}-1}+\frac{\sqrt{3}\left(\sqrt{5}-1\right)}{\sqrt{5}-1}\right)\left(\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}}-\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}}+\sqrt{6}\right)\)
\(=\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{6}\)
\(=2\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{6}\)
c) Ta có: \(C=2\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{7-4\sqrt{3}}+\left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{3}}-\sqrt{\frac{4}{3}}+\sqrt{3}\right):\sqrt{3}\)
\(=2\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{4-2\cdot2\cdot\sqrt{3}+3}+\sqrt{\frac{1}{3}:3}-\sqrt{\frac{4}{3}:3}+\sqrt{3:3}\)
\(=2\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{\left(2-\sqrt{3}\right)^2}+\sqrt{\frac{1}{9}}-\sqrt{\frac{4}{9}}+\sqrt{1}\)
\(=2\sqrt{3}+\left|2-\sqrt{3}\right|+\frac{1}{3}-\frac{2}{3}+1\)
\(=2\sqrt{3}+2-\sqrt{3}+\frac{2}{3}\)(Vì \(2>\sqrt{3}\))
\(=\sqrt{3}+\frac{8}{3}\)
d) Ta có: \(D=\left(\frac{5+\sqrt{5}}{5-\sqrt{5}}+\frac{5-\sqrt{5}}{5+\sqrt{5}}\right):\frac{1}{\sqrt{7-4\sqrt{3}}}\)
\(=\left(\frac{\left(5+\sqrt{5}\right)^2+\left(5-\sqrt{5}\right)^2}{\left(5-\sqrt{5}\right)\left(5+\sqrt{5}\right)}\right)\cdot\sqrt{4-2\cdot2\cdot\sqrt{3}+3}\)
\(=\frac{25+10\sqrt{5}+5+25-10\sqrt{5}+5}{25-5}\cdot\sqrt{\left(2-\sqrt{3}\right)^2}\)
\(=\frac{60}{20}\cdot\left|2-\sqrt{3}\right|\)
\(=3\cdot\left(2-\sqrt{3}\right)\)(Vì \(2>\sqrt{3}\))
\(=6-3\sqrt{3}\)
\(R=\frac{\sqrt{\left(-\frac{2}{5}\right)^5.\left(-\frac{5}{8}\right)^3.5^2}}{\sqrt[3]{\left(-\frac{3}{4}\right)^3.\left(-\frac{5}{24}\right)^2.\left(-\frac{5}{3}\right)^4}}\)
\(=\frac{\sqrt{\frac{2^5}{5^5}.\frac{5^3}{8^3}.5^2}}{-\sqrt[3]{\frac{3^3}{4^3}.\frac{5^2}{24^2}.\frac{5^4}{3^4}}}\)
\(=\frac{\sqrt{\frac{1}{16}}}{-\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{27}.5^6.\frac{1}{2^{12}}}}=\frac{\frac{1}{4}}{-\frac{1}{3}.5^2.\frac{1}{16}}=-\frac{12}{25}\)
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=\frac{3+\sqrt{5}}{2}\\b=\frac{3-\sqrt{5}}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}ab=1\\a+b=3\end{matrix}\right.\)
Đặt \(S_n=a^n+b^n\)
\(S_1=a+b=3\)
Ta cần tính \(S_{1991}-3S_{1990}+S_{1989}\)
Xét: \(S_1.S_n=\left(a+b\right)\left(a^n+b^n\right)=a^{n+1}+b^{n+1}+a.b^n+a^nb\)
\(\Rightarrow S_1S_n=a^{n+1}+b^{n+1}+ab\left(a^{n-1}+b^{n-1}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow S_1S_n=a^{n+1}+b^{n+1}+a^{n-1}+b^{n-1}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3S_n=S_{n+1}+S_{n-1}\)
Thay \(n=1990\Rightarrow3S_{1990}=S_{1991}+s_{1989}\)
\(\Rightarrow S_{1991}-3S_{1990}+S_{1989}=0\)