1.

Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz:

\(\dfrac{a}{2a+a+b+c}=\dfrac{a}{25}.\dfrac{\left(2+3\right)^2}{2a+a+b+c}\le\dfrac{a}{25}\left(\dfrac{2^2}{2a}+\dfrac{3^2}{a+b+c}\right)=\dfrac{2}{25}+\dfrac{9}{25}.\dfrac{a}{a+b+c}\)

Tương tự:

\(\dfrac{b}{3b+a+c}\le\dfrac{2}{25}+\dfrac{9}{25}.\dfrac{b}{a+b+c}\)

\(\dfrac{c}{a+b+3c}\le\dfrac{2}{25}+\dfrac{9}{25}.\dfrac{c}{a+b+c}\)

Cộng vế:

\(VT\le\dfrac{6}{25}+\dfrac{9}{25}.\dfrac{a+b+c}{a+b+c}=\dfrac{3}{5}\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)

2.

Đặt \(\dfrac{x}{x-1}=a;\dfrac{y}{y-1}=b;\dfrac{z}{z-1}=c\)

Ta có: \(\dfrac{x}{x-1}=a\Rightarrow x=ax-a\Rightarrow a=x\left(a-1\right)\Rightarrow x=\dfrac{a}{a-1}\)

Tương tự ta có: \(y=\dfrac{b}{b-1}\) ; \(z=\dfrac{c}{c-1}\)

Biến đổi giả thiết:

\(xyz=1\Rightarrow\dfrac{abc}{\left(a-1\right)\left(b-1\right)\left(c-1\right)}=1\)

\(\Rightarrow abc=\left(a-1\right)\left(b-1\right)\left(c-1\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow ab+bc+ca=a+b+c-1\)

BĐT cần chứng minh trở thành:

\(a^2+b^2+c^2\ge1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)^2-2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\ge1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)^2-2\left(a+b+c-1\right)\ge1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c-1\right)^2\ge0\) (luôn đúng)

\(A=\left(\dfrac{1}{x^2-1}+\dfrac{1}{x+1}\right):\left(\dfrac{1}{x-1}-\dfrac{1}{x}\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow A=\left(\dfrac{1}{\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)}+\dfrac{x-1}{\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)}\right):\left(\dfrac{x}{x\left(x-1\right)}-\dfrac{x-1}{x\left(x-1\right)}\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow A=\dfrac{1+x-1}{\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)}:\dfrac{x-x+1}{x\left(x-1\right)}\)

\(\Rightarrow A=\dfrac{x}{\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)}:\dfrac{1}{x\left(x-1\right)}\)

\(\Rightarrow A=\dfrac{x}{\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)}.x\left(x-1\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow A=\dfrac{x^2}{x+1}\)

đk : xkhác -1 ; 1 

\(A=\left(\dfrac{1+x-1}{\left(x+1\right)\left(x-1\right)}\right):\left(\dfrac{x-x+1}{x\left(x-1\right)}\right)=\dfrac{x}{\left(x+1\right)\left(x-1\right)}:\dfrac{1}{x\left(x-1\right)}=\dfrac{x^2}{x+1}\)

a) \(N=8a^3-27b^3\)

\(=\left(2a\right)^3-\left(3b\right)^3\)

\(=\left(2a-3b\right)^3+18ab\left(2a-3b\right)\)

\(=5^3+18\cdot12\cdot5\)

\(=125+1080=1205\)

b) \(K=a^3+b^3+6a^2b^2\left(a+b\right)+3ab\left(a^2+b^2\right)\)

\(=a^3+b^3+6a^2b^2+3a^3b+3ab^3\)

\(=\left(a+b\right)^3-3ab\left(a+b\right)+3ab\left(a^2+2ab+b^2\right)\)

\(=\left(a+b\right)^3-3ab\left(a+b\right)+3ab\left(a+b\right)^2\)

\(=\left(a+b\right)^3+3ab\left(a+b\right)\left(a+b-1\right)\)

\(=1^3+3ab\cdot1\cdot0\)

\(=1\)

a ) \(N=8a^3-27b^3\)

\(\Leftrightarrow N=\left(2a-3b\right)\left(4x^2+6ab+9b^2\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow N=5\left(4x^2+9b^2+72\right)\)

Ta có : \(2a-3b=5\)

\(\Leftrightarrow4a^2+9b^2=25+6ab\)

Thay vào ta được : \(N=5\left(25+6ab+72\right)=845\)

b ) \(K=a^3+b^3+6a^2b^2\left(a+b\right)+3ab\left(a^2+b^2\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow K=\left(a+b\right)^3-3ab\left(a+b\right)+6a^2b^2\left(a+b\right)+3ab\left(a+b\right)^2-6a^2b^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow K=1-3ab+6a^2b^2+3ab-6a^2b^2=1\)

c ) \(P=\left(\dfrac{x}{4}\right)^3+\left(\dfrac{y}{2}\right)^3\)

\(\Leftrightarrow P=\left(\dfrac{x}{4}+\dfrac{y}{2}\right)^3-3\left[\left(\dfrac{x}{4}\right)^2\dfrac{y}{2}+\dfrac{x}{4}\left(\dfrac{y}{2}\right)^2\right]\)

\(\Leftrightarrow P=\left(\dfrac{2\left(x+2y\right)}{8}\right)^3-3\left[\dfrac{x^2y}{32}+\dfrac{xy^2}{16}\right]\)

\(\Leftrightarrow P=8-3xy\left(\dfrac{x+2y}{32}\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow P=8-3.4\left(\dfrac{8}{32}\right)=5\)

Với \(a,b\in\mathbb{Z};a,b\ne0;a\ne3b;a\ne-5b\), ta có:

\(E=\dfrac{b\left(2a^2+10ab+a+5b\right)}{a-3b}:\dfrac{a^2b+5ab^2}{a^2-3ab}\)

\(=\dfrac{b\left[2a\left(a+5b\right)+\left(a+5b\right)\right]}{a-3b}:\dfrac{ab\left(a+5b\right)}{a\left(a-3b\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{b\left(2a+1\right)\left(a+5b\right)}{a-3b}:\dfrac{b\left(a+5b\right)}{a-3b}\)

\(=\dfrac{b\left(2a+1\right)\left(a+5b\right)}{a-3b}\cdot\dfrac{a-3b}{b\left(a+5b\right)}\)

\(=2a+1\)

Vì \(2a+1\) là số nguyên lẻ với mọi a nguyên

nên \(E\) là số nguyên lẻ.

\(\text{#}Toru\)