D. READING 1. Read the text then choose the best answer. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION In recent years the problem of environmental pollution has become a serious problem in big cities in our country. So, what are reasons and possible measures for this problem? Nowadays, we are living in a city with high population density, so domestic waste is the first reason. Then many people's social consciousness is not high. In several areas, they throw rubbish on streets, canals and rivers. It is easy for us to see rubbish of all kinds floating on the water. Moreover, uncultured people even pee in the public place. Now, let's come to other reasons. Our city is overloaded with vehicles that expel a lot of smoke and dust. This contributes to the heat of the air, and causes pollution. Besides that, in several places, trees have been cut down to have room for buildings, hotels, or supermarkets. This makes the atmosphere in our city mug and stuffy. New words: muggy (adi) nồm ẩm, oi bức stuffy (adi) ngột ngạt 1. What is not the reasons of environmental pollution? A. high population density B. smoke and dust from vehicles C. domestic waste D. the new drainage system 2. What is the first reason of environmental pollution? A. domestic waste B. smoke and dust from vehicles C. population density D. rubbish on streets 3. What is the synonym of the word "consciousness"? A. awareness B. unculture C. unconsciousness D. awakeness 4. Why vehicles cause air pollution? A. Vehicles make the atmosphere in our city muggy and stuffy. B. Because they expel a lot of smoke and dust. C. Because they consume too much gasoline. D. Because many people use motorbikes and cars nowadays. 5. How is the drain system in our city? A. It’s very modern. B. It's downgrade. C. It is new. D. It is very old and downgrade

IV. (8Q9.13) Find mistake in each sentence and correct it. 1. What do you do if you won the first prize of the lottery? 2. Would people be able to fly if they have feathers instead of hair? 3. John now wishes he hasn’t broken his encouragement with Marian. 4. I would do it if I could, but I can’t so I wouldn’t even try. 5. If a drop of oil is placed in a glass of water, it would float on the surface. 6. If Peter had been more careful, he wouldn’t break the camera I lent him. 7. David wouldn’t have made such a lot of mistakes if he hasn’t been so tired. 8. How nice it would be for our parents if we could build the house. 9. He wouldn’t have able to pass the test if his English hadn’t been good enough. 10. If only we knew all this information about the market many weeks ago. V. (A8Q11.12) Choose the correct word to complete the sentences. 1. Don’t use ______ chemicals. They are harmful to our health. (to poison/ poison/ poisonous) 2. Water pollution has ______ the river. Nobody swim here. (contaminate/ contaminated/ contamination) 3. Water pollution causes the ______ of a lot of fish. (death/ to die/ dead) 4. Water pollution causes a lot of fish to______. (death/ die/ dead) 5. The acid rain has caused great (death/ to die/ dead) to the environment. (to damage/ damaged/ damage) 6. The polluted air ______ our health badly. (to damage/ damages/ damage) 7. The serious ______ has left the river with very few fish. (contaminate/ contaminated/ contamination) VI. (A8Q11.13) Give the correct form of the words given to complete the sentences. 1. Are all type of pollution ________ to the health of humans and animals? HARM 2. The __________ are concerned about the oil spills in East Sea. ENVIRONMENT 3. Dumping ____________ waste into the lakes and rivers has caused serious water pollution. INDUSTRY 4. Many people in this area have cholera because they drink ________ water. TREAT 5. Examples of primary __________ are exhaust fume from cars, ash from volcanic eruption. POLLUTION 6. If we use water ____________ more people will have fresh water. CARE 7. The polluted water results in the _____________ of many aquatic animals and plants. DIE 8. Too much carbon dioxide in the atmosphere causes global _________. WARM 9. The reduction in air pollution was ____________ last year. DRAMA 10. The road in front of my office is always _________ when it rains heavily. FLOOD VII. (A8Q11.30) Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first. 1. Climbing without a safety rope is forbidden. -> You aren’t..................................................................................................................................... 2. Mary hasn’t got a satellite TV, so he can’t watch the game. -> If .................................................................................................................................................. 3. Walking home alone is not a good idea. -> You ............................................................................................................................................... 4. Throw a stone into water and it sinks. -> If .................................................................................................................................................. 5. You can’t travel on this train, if you don’t have a reservation. Unless........................................................................................................................................... 6. “If I were you, I would take the job”, said Sue. -> Sue ................................................................................................................................................ 7. The exam question was so easy that we all got it right. -> It was ............................................................................................................................................ 8. Although he wasn’t experienced, he got the job. -> Despite.......................................................................................................................................... 9. Since you haven’t finished your homework, you can’t come with them. -> If ...................................................................................................................................................

Light pollution

Most of us are familiar with air, water, and land pollution, but did you know that light can also be a pollutant? Not many people know about this kind of pollution. Light pollution is the inappropriate or excessive use of artificial light and it can have serious environmental consequences for humans, wildlife, and our climate. Light pollution is a side effect of industrial civilization. Its sources include building exterior and interior lighting, advertising, commercial properties, offices, factories, streetlights, and illuminates sporting venues.

The fact is that much outdoor lighting used at night is inefficient, overly bright and, in many cases, completely unnecessary. This light, and the electricity used to create it, is being wasted by spilling into the sky, rather than focusing on the actual objects and areas that people want illuminated. For three billion years, life on Earth in a rhythm of light and dark that was created solely by the illumination of the Sun, Moon, and Stars. Now, artificial lights overpower the darkness and our cities glow at night. It disrupts the natural day-night pattern and shifts the delicate balance of our environment. Light pollution has negative impacts. It increases energy consumption, disrupts the ecosystem and wildlife and harms human health. Fortunately, concern about light pollution is rising dramatically. A growing number of sciences, homeowners, environmental groups and civic leaders are taking actions to restore the natural night.

A. The environment is everything around us, both natural and made by man. A major problem in the world today is the destruction of the natural environment.

This is a complicated problem. We burn fuel, and this causes air pollution. We throw away lastic bags, containing toys and other objects. These stay in the environment, they are not like paper or wood that slowly disappear. We have made thousands of new chemicals. Factories that make or use chemicals always have chemical wastes. These are often poisonous, and they also stay in the environment.

Since 1945 several countries have been testing nuclear bombs in the air and underground. The explosions in the air cause nuclear fallout. The fallout causes cancer and kills animals and people. Nuclear power plants that make electricity also produce dangerous wastes and have accidents that can be very disastrous.

1. What is a big problem in the world today?

A. The development of the population. B. The destruction of the natural environment.

C. Bomb testing. D. Throwing away plastic bags.

2. What is the cause of the air pollution?

A. Fuel burning. B. Smoke from vehicles. C. Toys and other objects. D. Paper or wood.

3. What does the word "these" in the second paragraph refer to?

A. New chemicals. B. Factories. C. Chemical wastes. D. Poisons.

4. The nuclear fallout causes __________.

A. chemical wastes. B. cancer and kills animals and people.

C. water pollution. D. dangerous wastes.

5. What is the benefit of nuclear power?

A. Causing nuclear fallout. B. Producing dangerous.

C. Having accidents. D. Making electricity.

B. Thomas Edison was one of the greatest inventors of the world. He was responsible for more than one thousand inventions including the electric light bulb and the record player. He also created the world's first industrial research laboratory.

Edison was born in 1847 in Ohio, USA. When he was 10 years old, he set up asmall baloratory after he had read a science book his mother showed him. In 1869, he borrowed some money and began to make inventions. In 1876 he built a new laboratory so that he could spend all his time inventing. He planned to turn out minor inventions every ten days and "big trick" every six months. He developed many devices that brought great benefits to people's life. He once said that the value of an idea lay in the using of it. Edison died in 1931, after having aremarkably productive life.

1. Who was Thomas Edison?

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2. When and where was he born?

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3. What did he invent?

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4. Did he build a new laboratory in 1876?

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5. When did he die?

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Identify the error in the each of the following sentences.

1. If people clean the toaster after using it, the manager wouldn't get mad. He always has to write "Please clean me if you use me."

2.You can give a say for our ocean by donate to protect marine life.

3. "Mom, I don't have any more plastic snack bags." "Use your lunch box then. In this way, you'll help reducing plastic waste."

4. He let his motorbike glare light go directly into people's eyes, and he was toldoff due to it was annoying

5. Do you know that the more paper you use the more trees will cut?

6. Various types of pollution happens every day at a fast speed, and this is threating biodiversity and reducing the life span of humans and animals.

7. Let's go for "Reduce, Reuse and Recycle", because of it's the only solution to the issue of pollution.

8. Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan were bombed in 1945 and within five years, and this had resulted to the deaths of 225,000 people due to being exposed to radiation from the fallout for a long period of time.

9. Waste from nature itself such as dead plants, rotten fruits and vegetablesonly makes the soil richer, but man-made waste such as chemicals, and plasticbags does damage with the environment.

10. My father is passionate about clean but green energy. He has many posts about the topic of renewable energy on this Facebook.

11. Human beings are destroying the air and the land by adding pollutant to them day by day.

WORD FORM & VERB TENSES OF UNIT 7-8 (ENGLISH 8^TH)

I. WORD FORM:

1. The soil becomes ____________________ because of the use of so many pesticides and fertilizers. (contaminate)

2. ____________________ waste spills can contaminate groundwater. (industry)

3. In many developing countries, water pollution is usually a leading cause of ______________________. (die)

4. ___________________ elements have been found in both ground and underground water sources. (pollute)

5. Fish and many other animals are killed by __________________ in their habitats. (pollute)

6. Astronomers are concerned about light pollution because they have __________________ in viewing activities in the sky and outer space. (difficult)

7. __________________ habitats have been destroyed in recent years. (nature)

8. A number of cleaning products contain _________________ chemicals. (harm)

9. Water samples collected at these villages were seriously __________________ with bacteria. (comtanimate)

10. People believe that the _________________ water has brought cancer to the local residents. (pollute)

11. Light pollution makes us __________________ to see the stars in the sky. (able)

12. Noise is considered as ____________________ pollution. (environment)

13. The ___________________ of lakes, rivers, oceans or underwater causes water pollution. (contaminate)

14. The street doesn’t look __________________ because it has a lot of rubbish. (attract)

15. Are all types of pollution __________________ to the health of human and animals. (harm)

16. The ____________________ are concerned about the oil spills in East Sea. (environment)

17. Dumping ____________________ waste into the lakes and rivers has caused serious water pollution. (industry)

18. Many people in this area have cholera because they drink ___________________ water. (treat)

19. Examples of primary __________________ are exhaust fumes from cars, soot from smoke. (pollute)

20. If we use water __________________, more people will have fresh water. (care)

21. The polluted water results in the __________________ of many aquatic animals and plants. (die)

22. Both French and English are ____________________ languages in Canada. (office)

23. NSW is the ___________________ of New South Wales, the most populous state in Australia. (abbreviate)

24. Do you know that the telephone, the television, and penicillin are Scottish ___________________? (invent)

25. Visitors can spend __________________ days exploring amazing natural beauty of New Zealand. (end)

26. There are different kinds of __________________ provided throughout Disneyland. (entertain)

27. Scotland is a __________________ land and this is noted for its rich and interesting history. (legend)

28. Niagara Falls, on the border of the USA and Canada, is one of the most ___________________ scenery in the world. (spectacle)

29. There are many tourist _____________________ in London such as British Museum, London Eye and Tower of London. (attact)

30. We’ll take the early _____________________ from Sydney to Wellington. (fly)

Đọc đoạn văn sau và trả lời câu hỏi.

Light pollution

Most of us are familiar with air, water, and land pollution, but did you know that light can also be a pollutant? Not many people know about this kind of pollution. Light pollution is the inappropriate or excessive use of artificial light and it can have serious environmental consequences for humans, wildlife, and our climate. Light pollution is a side effect of industrial civilization. Its sources include building exterior and interior lighting, advertising, commercial properties, offices, factories, streetlights, and illuminates sporting venues.

The fact is that much outdoor lighting used at night is inefficient, overly bright and, in many cases, completely unnecessary. This light, and the electricity used to create it, is being wasted by spilling into the sky, rather than focusing on the actual objects and areas that people want illuminated. For three billion years, life on Earth in a rhythm of light and dark that was created solely by the illumination of the Sun, Moon, and Stars. Now, artificial lights overpower the darkness and our cities glow at night. It disrupts the natural day-night pattern and shifts the delicate balance of our environment. Light pollution has negative impacts. It increases energy consumption, disrupts the ecosystem and wildlife and harms human health. Fortunately, concern about light pollution is rising dramatically. A growing number of sciences, homeowners, environmental groups and civic leaders are taking actions to restore the natural night.

1. What source of light does not contribute to light pollution?

A. moonlight B. streetlight C. offices D. advertising

2. What is NOT true about light pollution according to the passage?

A. People are so familiar with it.

B. Is has many bad effects on humans and the environment.

C. It is the inappropriate or excessive use of natural light.

D. It is a side effect of industrial civilization.

3. What disrupts the natural day-night pattern as mentioned in the passage?

A. artificial light B. darkness C. our city D. night

4. Which is NOT mentioned as the negative impact of light pollution?

A. increasing the use of energy B. disrupting the ecosystem.

C. badly affect human health D. balancing the ecosystem

v

Rewrite the sentences, using the words in brackets.

1. The noise from the music club is loud, so the residents of the street cannot sleep. (because of)

__________________________________________________

2. Vy had a stomachache because she ate a big dinner. (since)

__________________________________________________

3. Because it rained heavily, the road in front of my house was flooded. (due to)

__________________________________________________

4. His room is untidy, so his mother is unhappy. (because)

__________________________________________________

5. Global warming happens when there is too much carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere. (causes)

__________________________________________________

6. Noise pollution happens. There is a change in animals living pattern. (causes)

__________________________________________________

7. Radioactive pollution is very dangerous. It can cause abnormal growth. (since)

__________________________________________________

8. The area is uninhabirable. The Chernobyl nuclear accident happened. (made)

__________________________________________________

9. Fossil fuels such as coal or oil are burned. Acid gases are produced. (so)

__________________________________________________

10. Acid rain is dangerous. Tree'leaves are damaged. (because of)

__________________________________________________

11. Leaves are damaged. The tree cannot get enough food energy to stay healthy. (because)

__________________________________________________

12. There are asthma, allergies and other respiratory illness when air pollution happens. (lead to)

__________________________________________________

13. Aquatic life suffers of dies because there is thermal pollution. (because of)

__________________________________________________

14. Water in the Cau River becomes brown and has terrible smell because the waste water is released from the paper mill in Thai Nguyen City. (so)

__________________________________________________

15. People use too much herbicide to treat weeds, so water in rivers, canals, lakes are axtremely polluted and has bad effects on people's health. (because)

__________________________________________________

16. Many fish in the river die due to the increased temperature of water. (because)

__________________________________________________

17. Because plastic bags take so long to decompose, nearly all of them still exist in the environment today. (so)

__________________________________________________

18. We are unable to see the stars in the sky. Light pollution occurs. (make)

__________________________________________________

19. Glass panels, windows, lawns and roofs make light pollution worse. They reflect both artificial and sun light. (because)

__________________________________________________

20. All sounds are not noise. Noise is any sound that is unwanted and goes beyond its certain limit, for example, above 80 decibels. (because)

__________________________________________________

21. More and more noise is created by modern civilization. It has now become a major environmental pollutant, especially in urban areas. (so)

__________________________________________________

22. Contamination in the air happens. There is acid rain which damages soil, vegetation and aquatic life of the region. (cause)

__________________________________________________

IV. Read the text below and think of the word which best fits each space. Use only ONE word in each space.

People have always dreamed of living forever, and although we all know this will (1) __________ happen, we still want to live as long as possible. Naturally, there are advantages and disadvantages to a long (2) __________.

In the first place, people (3) __________ live longer can spend more time with their family and friends. Secondly, people who have busy working lives look forward to a long, relaxing time when they can do the things they have never had time for.

(4) __________ the other hand, there are some serious disadvantages. Firstly, many people become ill and consequently have to (5) __________ time in hospital or become dependent (6) __________ their children and friends. Many of them (7) __________ this dependence annoying or embarrassing. In addition to this, the (8) __________ people get, the fewer friends they seem to have because old friends die or become ill and it's often difficult to make new (9) __________

To sum up, it seems that living to a very old age is worthwhile for people who stay healthy (10) ________ to remain independent and enjoy life.