a) Ta có: \(\dfrac{2x}{3}=\dfrac{3y}{4}=\dfrac{4z}{5}\)

nên \(\dfrac{x}{\dfrac{3}{2}}=\dfrac{y}{\dfrac{4}{3}}=\dfrac{z}{\dfrac{5}{4}}\)

Áp dụng tính chất của dãy tỉ số bằng nhau, ta được:

\(\dfrac{x}{\dfrac{3}{2}}=\dfrac{y}{\dfrac{4}{3}}=\dfrac{z}{\dfrac{5}{4}}=\dfrac{x+y+z}{\dfrac{3}{2}+\dfrac{4}{3}+\dfrac{5}{4}}=\dfrac{49}{\dfrac{49}{12}}=12\)

Do đó:

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{2x}{3}=12\\\dfrac{3y}{4}=12\\\dfrac{4z}{5}=12\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x=36\\3y=48\\4z=60\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=18\\y=16\\z=20\end{matrix}\right.\)

Vậy: (x,y,z)=(18;16;20)

b) Đặt \(\dfrac{x}{5}=\dfrac{y}{3}=k\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=5k\\y=3k\end{matrix}\right.\)

Ta có: \(x^2-y^2=4\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(5k\right)^2-\left(3k\right)^2=4\)

\(\Leftrightarrow16k^2=4\)

\(\Leftrightarrow k\in\left\{\dfrac{1}{2};-\dfrac{1}{2}\right\}\)

Trường hợp 1: \(k=\dfrac{1}{2}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=5k=5\cdot\dfrac{1}{2}=\dfrac{5}{2}\\y=3k=3\cdot\dfrac{1}{2}=\dfrac{3}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)

Trường hợp 2: \(k=-\dfrac{1}{2}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=5k=5\cdot\dfrac{-1}{2}=\dfrac{-5}{2}\\y=3k=3\cdot\dfrac{-1}{2}=\dfrac{-3}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)

Vậy: \(\left(x,y\right)\in\left\{\left(\dfrac{5}{2};\dfrac{3}{2}\right);\left(-\dfrac{5}{2};-\dfrac{3}{2}\right)\right\}\)

a)

Theo tính chất của dãy tỉ số bằng nhau, ta có : 

\(\dfrac{x}{\dfrac{3}{2}}=\dfrac{y}{\dfrac{4}{3}}=\dfrac{z}{\dfrac{5}{4}}=\dfrac{x+y+z}{\dfrac{3}{2}+\dfrac{4}{3}+\dfrac{5}{4}}=\dfrac{49}{\dfrac{49}{12}}=12\)

Suy ra : 

\(x=\dfrac{12.3}{2}=18\\ y=\dfrac{12.4}{3}=16\\ z=\dfrac{12.5}{4}=15\)

b)

\(x=\dfrac{y}{3}.5=\dfrac{5y}{3}\\ x^2-y^2=4\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(\dfrac{5y}{3}\right)^2-y^2=4\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{16y^2}{9}=4\Leftrightarrow y=\pm\dfrac{3}{2} \)

Với $y = \dfrac{3}{2}$ thì $x = \dfrac{5}{2}$

Với $y = \dfrac{-3}{2}$ thì $x = \dfrac{-5}{2}$

c)

\(\dfrac{x}{y+z+1}=\dfrac{y}{z+x+1}=\dfrac{z}{x+y-2}=\dfrac{x+y+z}{2x+2y+2z}=\dfrac{1}{2}\)

Suy ra : 

\(2x=y+z+1\Leftrightarrow y+z=2x-1\)

Mặt khác : 

\(x+y+z=\dfrac{1}{2}\Leftrightarrow x+2x-1=\dfrac{1}{2}\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{1}{2}\)

\(2y=x+z+1=z+\dfrac{3}{2}\)

Mà \(y+z=0\Leftrightarrow z=-y\)

nên suy ra:  \(y=\dfrac{1}{2};z=-\dfrac{1}{2}\)

a) Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có:

\(\dfrac{x}{15}=\dfrac{y}{20}=\dfrac{z}{28}=\dfrac{2x+3y-1}{30+60-28}=\dfrac{186}{62}=3\)

\(\dfrac{x}{15}=3\Rightarrow x=45\\ \dfrac{y}{20}=3\Rightarrow y=60\\ \dfrac{z}{28}=3\Rightarrow x=84\)

b) Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có:

 \(\dfrac{x}{2}=\dfrac{y}{3}=\dfrac{z}{4}=\dfrac{x+2y-3z}{2+6-12}=\dfrac{-20}{-4}=5\)

\(\dfrac{x}{2}=5\Rightarrow x=10\\ \dfrac{y}{3}=5\Rightarrow y=15\\ \dfrac{z}{4}=5\Rightarrow z=20\)

c)  x : y :z : t = 3 : 4 : 5 :6\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{3}=\dfrac{y}{4}=\dfrac{z}{5}=\dfrac{t}{6}\)

Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có:

\(\dfrac{x}{3}=\dfrac{y}{4}=\dfrac{z}{5}=\dfrac{t}{6}=\dfrac{x+y+z+t}{3+4+5+6}=\dfrac{3,6}{18}=\dfrac{1}{5}\)

\(\dfrac{x}{3}=\dfrac{1}{5}\Rightarrow x=\dfrac{3}{5}\\ \dfrac{y}{4}=\dfrac{1}{5}\Rightarrow y=\dfrac{4}{5}\\ \dfrac{z}{5}=\dfrac{1}{5}\Rightarrow z=1\\ \dfrac{t}{6}=\dfrac{1}{5}\Rightarrow t=\dfrac{6}{5}\)

d) \(\dfrac{x}{2}=\dfrac{y}{3}\Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{10}=\dfrac{y}{15}\)

\(\dfrac{y}{5}=\dfrac{z}{4}\Rightarrow\dfrac{y}{15}=\dfrac{z}{12}\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{10}=\dfrac{y}{15}=\dfrac{z}{12}\)

Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có:

\(\dfrac{x}{10}=\dfrac{y}{15}=\dfrac{z}{12}=\dfrac{x-y+z}{10-15+12}=-\dfrac{49}{7}=-7\)

\(\dfrac{x}{10}=-7\Rightarrow x=-70\\ \dfrac{y}{15}=-7\Rightarrow y=-105\\ \dfrac{z}{12}=-7\Rightarrow z=-84\)

e) Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có:

\(\dfrac{x}{2}=\dfrac{y}{3}=\dfrac{z}{4}=\dfrac{x^2-y^2+2z^2}{4-9+32}=\dfrac{108}{27}=4\)

\(\dfrac{x}{2}=4\Rightarrow x=8\\ \dfrac{y}{3}=4\Rightarrow y=12\\ \dfrac{z}{4}=4\Rightarrow z=16\)

a) \(\dfrac{x}{2}=\dfrac{y}{3}\Rightarrow\left(\dfrac{x}{2}\right)^2=\left(\dfrac{y}{3}\right)^2=\dfrac{x.y}{2.3}=\dfrac{54}{6}=9\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2=36\\y^2=81\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\pm6\\y=\pm9\end{matrix}\right.\)

b) \(\dfrac{x}{5}=\dfrac{y}{3}\Rightarrow\left(\dfrac{x}{5}\right)^2=\left(\dfrac{y}{3}\right)^2=\dfrac{x^2-y^2}{5^2-3^2}=\dfrac{4}{16}=\dfrac{1}{4}\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2=\dfrac{25}{4}\\y^2=\dfrac{9}{4}\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\pm\dfrac{5}{2}\\y=\pm\dfrac{3}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)

c: Ta có: \(\dfrac{x}{2}=\dfrac{y}{3}\)

nên \(\dfrac{x}{10}=\dfrac{y}{15}\)

Ta có: \(\dfrac{y}{5}=\dfrac{z}{7}\)

nên \(\dfrac{y}{15}=\dfrac{z}{21}\)

mà \(\dfrac{x}{10}=\dfrac{y}{15}\)

nên \(\dfrac{x}{10}=\dfrac{y}{15}=\dfrac{z}{21}\)

Áp dụng tính chất của dãy tỉ số bằng nhau, ta được:

\(\dfrac{x}{10}=\dfrac{y}{15}=\dfrac{z}{21}=\dfrac{92}{46}=2\)

Do đó: x=20; y=30; z=42

a) \(\frac{x}{10}=\frac{y}{6}=\frac{z}{21}\Rightarrow\frac{5x}{50}=\frac{y}{6}=\frac{2z}{42}\)

Áp dụng tc dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có:

\(\frac{5x}{50}=\frac{y}{6}=\frac{2z}{42}=\frac{5x+y-2z}{50+6-42}=\frac{28}{14}=2\)

Khi đó: \(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{5x}{50}=2\Rightarrow x=20\\\frac{y}{6}=2\Rightarrow y=12\\\frac{2z}{42}=2\Rightarrow z=42\end{cases}}\)

e) \(\frac{x-1}{2}=\frac{y-2}{3}=\frac{z-3}{4}\Rightarrow\frac{2x-2}{4}=\frac{3y-6}{9}=\frac{z-3}{4}\)

Áp dụng tc dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có:

\(\frac{2x-2}{4}=\frac{3y-6}{9}=\frac{z-3}{4}=\frac{2x-2+3y-6-z+3}{4+9-4}=\frac{2x+3y-z-5}{9}=\frac{50-5}{9}=5\)

Khi đó: \(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{2x-2}{4}=5\Rightarrow x=11\\\frac{3y-6}{9}=5\Rightarrow y=17\\\frac{z-3}{4}=5\Rightarrow z=23\end{cases}}\).

a) \(\frac{x}{2}=\frac{y}{5}=\frac{z}{4}\)

Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau , ta có:

\(\frac{x}{2}=\frac{y}{5}=\frac{z}{4}=\frac{2x}{4}=\frac{3y}{15}=\frac{z}{4}=\frac{2x-3y+z}{4-15+4}=\frac{112}{7}=16\)

\(\frac{x}{2}=16=>x=32\)

\(\frac{y}{5}=16=>x=80\)

\(\frac{z}{4}=16=>z=64\)

Câu b) tương tự chỉ cần thay số vào nha bạn

b) 3x = 2y

=>  x/2 = y/3      (1)

7y = 5z

=> y/5 = z/7       (2)

Từ (1) và (2), có:

     \(\frac{x}{2}=\frac{y}{3};\frac{y}{5}=\frac{z}{7}\Rightarrow\)\(\frac{x}{10}=\frac{y}{15}=\frac{z}{21}\)

áp dụng tính chất của dãy tỉ số bằng nhau, có:

     \(\frac{x}{10}=\frac{y}{15}=\frac{z}{21}=\frac{x-y+z}{10-15+21}=\frac{32}{16}=2\)

x/10 = 2            => x = 2 x 10 =20

y/15 = 2            => y = 2 x 15 = 30

z/21 = 2            => z = 2 x 21 = 42

Bạn áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau đi :)

Đơn giản mà bạn

1) \(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{8}=\dfrac{y}{12}=\dfrac{z}{15}\)

Áp dụng t/c dtsbn:

\(\dfrac{x}{8}=\dfrac{y}{12}=\dfrac{z}{15}=\dfrac{x-y+z}{8-12+15}=\dfrac{10}{11}\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{x}{8}=\dfrac{10}{11}\\\dfrac{y}{12}=\dfrac{10}{11}\\\dfrac{z}{15}=\dfrac{10}{11}\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{80}{11}\\y=\dfrac{120}{11}\\z=\dfrac{150}{11}\end{matrix}\right.\)

2) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{x}{3}=\dfrac{y}{4}\\\dfrac{y}{5}=\dfrac{z}{7}\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{15}=\dfrac{y}{20}=\dfrac{z}{28}\)

Áp dụng t/c dtsbn:

\(\dfrac{x}{15}=\dfrac{y}{20}=\dfrac{z}{28}=\dfrac{2x}{30}=\dfrac{3y}{60}=\dfrac{2x+3y-z}{30+60-28}=\dfrac{136}{62}=\dfrac{68}{31}\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{x}{15}=\dfrac{68}{31}\\\dfrac{y}{20}=\dfrac{68}{31}\\\dfrac{z}{28}=\dfrac{68}{31}\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{1020}{31}\\y=\dfrac{1360}{31}\\z=\dfrac{1904}{31}\end{matrix}\right.\)

3) \(\Rightarrow\dfrac{3x-9}{15}=\dfrac{5y-25}{5}=\dfrac{7z+21}{49}\)

Áp dụng t/c dtsbn:

\(\dfrac{3x-9}{15}=\dfrac{5y-25}{5}=\dfrac{7z+21}{49}=\dfrac{3x+5y-7z-9-25-21}{15+5-49}=-\dfrac{45}{29}\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{3x-9}{15}=-\dfrac{45}{29}\\\dfrac{5y-25}{5}=-\dfrac{45}{29}\\\dfrac{7z+21}{49}=-\dfrac{45}{29}\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-\dfrac{138}{29}\\y=\dfrac{100}{29}\\z=-\dfrac{402}{29}\end{matrix}\right.\)