=4x²+4xy+y²+x²-6x-2y+1

=(2x+y)²-4x-2y+1+x²-2x+1-1

=[(2x+y)²-2(2x+y)+1]+(x-1)²-1

=(2x+y+1)²+(x-1)²-1

ta có: (2x+y+1)²\(\ge0\)với\(\forall\)x

         (x-1)²\(\ge0\)với \(\forall\)x

\(\Rightarrow\left(2x+y+1\right)^2+\left(x+1\right)^2\ge0\forall x\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(2x+y+1\right)^2+\left(x+1\right)^2-1\ge-1\forall x\)

\(\Rightarrow N\ge-1\)

Dấu '=' xảy ra\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}\left(2x+y+1\right)^2=0\\\left(x-1\right)^2=0\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=1\\y=-3\end{cases}}}\)

vậy N đạt GTNN là -1 khi và chỉ khi x=1;y=-3

b: \(x^2-x+1=x^2-2\cdot x\cdot\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{3}{4}=\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}>0\forall x\)

c: \(A=x^2-6x+9+2=\left(x-3\right)^2+2\ge2\forall x\)

Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x=3

d: \(B=-\left(x^2-4x+5\right)=-\left(x^2-4x+4+1\right)=-\left(x-2\right)^2-1\le-1\forall x\)

Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x=2

Bài 2:

Ta có: M = a²+ab+b² -3a-3b-3a-3b +2001

=> 2M = ( a² + 2ab + b²) -4.(a+b) +4 + (a² -2a+1)+(b² -2b+1) + 3996

2M= ( a+b-2)² + (a-1)² +(b-1)² + 3996

=> Min_M = 1998 tại a=b=1

Câu 3: 

Ta có: P= x² +xy+y² -3.(x+y) + 3

=> 2P = ( x² + 2xy +y²) -4.(x+y) + 4 + (x² -2x+1) +(y² -2y+1)

2P = ( x+y-2)² +(x-1)²+(y-1)²

=> Min_P = 0 tại x=y=1

a) \(\left(3n-1\right)^2-4=\left(3n-1-2\right)\left(3n-1+2\right)\)

\(=\left(3n-3\right)\left(3n+1\right)=3\left(n-1\right)\left(3n+1\right)⋮3\forall n\in N\)

b) \(A=x^2+2x+5=\left(x^2+2x+1\right)+4\)

\(=\left(x+1\right)^2+4\ge4\)

\(minA=4\Leftrightarrow x=-1\)

tự biên tự diễn thôi:

a/  gọi 2 số phải tìm là a và b, ta có a+b chia hết cho 3

ta có a^3+b^3=(a+b)(a^2-ab+b^2)=(a+b)[(a^2+2ab+b^2)-3ab]= (a+b)[(a+b)^2-3ab]0,5

vì a+b chia hết cho 3 nên (a+b)^2-3ab chia hết cho 3

do vậy (a+b)[(a+b)^2-3ab] chia hết cho 3

ai làm câu b

a: \(\left(a+2\right)^2-\left(a-2\right)^2\)

\(=a^2+4a+4-a^2+4a-4=8a⋮4\)

b: \(\Leftrightarrow n^3-n^2+3n^2-3n+2⋮n-1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow n-1\in\left\{1;-1;2;-2\right\}\)

hay \(n\in\left\{2;0;3;-1\right\}\)

\(a,A=\left(x^2-4xy+4y^2\right)+10\left(x-2y\right)+25+\left(y^2-2y+1\right)+2\\ A=\left(x-2y\right)^2+10\left(x-2y\right)+5+\left(y-1\right)^2+2\\ A=\left(x-2y+5\right)^2+\left(y-1\right)^2+2\ge2\)

Dấu \("="\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2y-5\\y=1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-3\\y=1\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(b,\Leftrightarrow3x^3+10x^2-5+n=\left(3x+1\right)\cdot a\left(x\right)\)

Thay \(x=-\dfrac{1}{3}\Leftrightarrow3\left(-\dfrac{1}{27}\right)+10\cdot\dfrac{1}{9}-5+n=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow-\dfrac{1}{9}+\dfrac{10}{9}-5+n=0\\ \Leftrightarrow-4+n=0\Leftrightarrow n=4\)

\(c,\Leftrightarrow2n^2-4n+5n-10+3⋮n-2\\ \Leftrightarrow2n\left(n-2\right)+5\left(n-2\right)+3⋮n-2\\ \Leftrightarrow n-2\inƯ\left(3\right)=\left\{-3;-1;1;3\right\}\\ \Leftrightarrow n\in\left\{-1;1;3;5\right\}\)