Ta có:

\(\dfrac{2a+b+c+d}{a}=\dfrac{a+2b+c+d}{b}=\dfrac{a+b+2c+d}{c}=\dfrac{a+b+c+2d}{d}\)

⇔ \(\dfrac{2a+b+c+d}{a}-1=\dfrac{a+2b+c+d}{b}-1=\dfrac{a+b+2c+d}{c}-1\)

    \(=\dfrac{a+b+c+2d}{d}-1\)

⇔ \(\dfrac{a+b+c+d}{a}=\dfrac{a+b+c+d}{b}=\dfrac{a+b+c+d}{c}=\dfrac{a+b+c+d}{d}\)

Nếu a+b+c+d=0

⇒a+b=−(c+d);c+b=−(a+d);c+d=−(a+b);a+d=−(c+b)

Thay vào M, ta có:

\(M=\dfrac{a+b}{-\left(a+b\right)}=\dfrac{b+c}{-\left(b+c\right)}=\dfrac{c+d}{-\left(c+d\right)}=\dfrac{a+d}{-\left(a+d\right)}=-1\)

Nếu a+b+c+d ≠0

⇒ \(a=b=c=d\)

Thay vào M, ta có

\(M=\dfrac{a+b}{a+b}=\dfrac{b+c}{b+c}=\dfrac{c+d}{c+d}=\dfrac{d+a}{d+a}=1\)

Cắt cu 77

\(\dfrac{a}{b+c}=\dfrac{b}{a+c}=\dfrac{c}{a+b}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{b+c}+1=\dfrac{b}{a+c}+1=\dfrac{c}{a+b}+1\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a+b+c}{b+c}=\dfrac{a+b+c}{a+c}=\dfrac{a+b+c}{a+b}\)

\(\Rightarrow b+c=a+c=b+a\)

\(\Rightarrow a=b=c\)

\(\dfrac{a}{b+c}=\dfrac{b}{a+c}=\dfrac{c}{a+b}=\dfrac{a}{a+a}=\dfrac{1}{2}\)

Cậu chưa xét a+b+c=0 

Cách 1:

Ta xét tích a(c-d) và c(a-b)

Ta có: a(c-d)=ac-ad (1)

           c(a-b)=ac-bc(2)

Ta lại có \(\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{c}{d}\)=>ad=bc (3)

Từ (1), (2), (3) ta có a(c-d)=c(a-d). Do đó \(\dfrac{a}{a-b}=\dfrac{c}{c-d}\)

Cách 2:

 Đặt \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}\)=k thì a=bk, c=dk. 

Xét \(\dfrac{a}{a-b}=\dfrac{bk}{bk-b}=\dfrac{bk}{b\left(k-1\right)}=\dfrac{k}{k-1}\left(1\right)\)

Xét \(\dfrac{c}{c-d}=\dfrac{dk}{dk-d}=\dfrac{dk}{d\left(k-1\right)}=\dfrac{k}{k-1}\left(2\right)\)

Từ (1) và (2)=> \(\dfrac{a}{a-b}=\dfrac{c}{c-d}\)

Cách 3: Ta có

\(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}=>\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{b}{d}\)

Aps dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau:

\(\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{b}{d}=>\dfrac{a-b}{c-d}\)

=>\(\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{a-b}{c-d}=>\dfrac{a}{a-b}=\dfrac{c}{c-d}\)

Ta có: \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{b}{a}=\dfrac{d}{c}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{b}{a}-1=\dfrac{d}{c}-1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{b-a}{a}=\dfrac{d-c}{c}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a-b}{a}=\dfrac{c-d}{c}\)

hay \(\dfrac{a}{a-b}=\dfrac{c}{c-d}\)(đpcm)

\(\dfrac{a+b+c}{d}=\dfrac{b+c+d}{a}=\dfrac{c+d+a}{b}=\dfrac{d+a+b}{c}\)

TH1: \(a+b+c+d=0\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a+b+c}{d}=\dfrac{b+c+d}{a}=\dfrac{c+d+a}{b}=\dfrac{d+a+b}{c}=\dfrac{-c}{c}=-1\)

TH2: \(a+b+c+d\ne0\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a+b+c}{d}=\dfrac{b+c+d}{a}=\dfrac{c+d+a}{b}=\dfrac{d+a+b}{c}=\dfrac{2\left(a+b+c+d\right)}{a+b+c+d}=2\)

a+b+c=0\(\Rightarrow c=0-a-b\)

Thay vào tỉ số đầu tiên ta được

\(\dfrac{a}{b+c}=\dfrac{a}{b+0-a-b}=\dfrac{a}{-a}=-1\)

Mà \(\dfrac{a}{b+c}=\dfrac{b}{a+c}=\dfrac{c}{a+b}\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{b+c}=\dfrac{b}{a+c}=\dfrac{c}{a+b}=-1\)

Chúc bạn học tốt