a) Bình phương hai vế ta được

\(2{x^2} - 3x - 1 = 2x - 3\)

\(\begin{array}{l} \Leftrightarrow 2{x^2} - 5x +2 = 0\\ \Leftrightarrow \left[ \begin{array}{l}x = 2\\x = \frac{1}{2}\end{array} \right.\end{array}\)

Thay các giá trị tìm được vào bất phương trình \(2x - 3 \ge 0\) thì chỉ \(x=2\) thỏa mãn.

Vậy tập nghiệm của phương trình là \(S = \left\{2 \right\}\)

b) Bình phương hai vế ta được

\(\begin{array}{l}4{x^2} - 6x - 6 = {x^2} - 6\\ \Leftrightarrow 3{x^2} - 6x = 0\\ \Leftrightarrow \left[ \begin{array}{l}x = 0\\x = 2\end{array} \right.\end{array}\)

Thay các giá trị tìm được vào bất phương trình \({x^2} - 6 \ge 0\) thì thấy chỉ có nghiệm \(x = 2\)thỏa mãn.

Vậy tập nghiệm của phương trình là \(S = \left\{ 2 \right\}\)

c) \(\sqrt {x + 9}  = 2x - 3\)(*)

Ta có: \(2x - 3 \ge 0 \Leftrightarrow x \ge \frac{3}{2}\)

Bình phương hai vế của (*) ta được:

\(\begin{array}{l}x + 9 = {\left( {2x - 3} \right)^2}\\ \Leftrightarrow 4{x^2} - 12x + 9 = x + 9\\ \Leftrightarrow 4{x^2} - 13x = 0\\ \Leftrightarrow \left[ \begin{array}{l}x = 0\left( {KTM} \right)\\x = \frac{{13}}{4}\left( {TM} \right)\end{array} \right.\end{array}\)

Vậy tập nghiệm của phương trình là \(S = \left\{ {\frac{{13}}{4}} \right\}\)

d) \(\sqrt { - {x^2} + 4x - 2}  = 2 - x\)(**)

Ta có: \(2 - x \ge 0 \Leftrightarrow x \le 2\)

Bình phương hai vế của (**) ta được:

\(\begin{array}{l} - {x^2} + 4x - 2 = {\left( {2 - x} \right)^2}\\ \Leftrightarrow  - {x^2} + 4x - 2 = {x^2} - 4x + 4\\ \Leftrightarrow 2{x^2} - 8x + 6 = 0\\ \Leftrightarrow \left[ \begin{array}{l}x = 1\left( {TM} \right)\\x = 3\left( {KTM} \right)\end{array} \right.\end{array}\)

Vậy tập nghiệm của phương trình là \(S = \left\{ 1 \right\}\)

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\(DK:x\in\left(-\frac{1}{4};4\right)\)

PT\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{4}\sqrt{4-x}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{4-x}}+2\sqrt{4x+1}+\frac{2}{\sqrt{4x+1}}+\frac{7}{4}\sqrt{4-x}-\sqrt{4x+1}=\frac{15}{2}\)

Ta co:

\(\frac{1}{4}\sqrt{4-x}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{4-x}}\ge^{ }1\left(1\right)\)

\(2\sqrt{4x+1}+\frac{2}{\sqrt{4x+1}}\ge4\left(2\right)\)

Dau '=' xay ra khi \(x=0\)

Xet

\(\frac{7}{4}\sqrt{4-x}-\sqrt{4x+1}=\frac{5}{2}\left(3\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{-\frac{7}{4}x}{\sqrt{4-x}+2}-\frac{4x}{\sqrt{4x+1}+1}=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x\left(\frac{7}{4\sqrt{4-x}+8}+\frac{4}{\sqrt{4x+1}+1}\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x=0\left(n\right)\)

Tuc la \(\left(3\right)\)đúng khi \(x=0\) \(\left(4\right)\)

\(\left(1\right),\left(2\right),\left(4\right)\Rightarrow VT\ge\frac{15}{2}=VP\)

Khi \(x=0\)

a.

\(3\sqrt{-x^2+x+6}\ge2\left(1-2x\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\left\{{}\begin{matrix}-x^2+x+6\ge0\\1-2x< 0\end{matrix}\right.\\\left\{{}\begin{matrix}1-2x\ge0\\9\left(-x^2+x+6\right)\ge4\left(1-2x\right)^2\end{matrix}\right.\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\left\{{}\begin{matrix}-2\le x\le3\\x>\dfrac{1}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\\\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\le\dfrac{1}{2}\\25\left(x^2-x-2\right)\le0\end{matrix}\right.\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{2}< x\le3\\\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\le\dfrac{1}{2}\\-1\le x\le2\end{matrix}\right.\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow-1\le x\le3\)

b.

ĐKXĐ: \(x\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{2x^2+8x+5}-4\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{2x^2-4x+5}-2\sqrt{x}=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2x^2+8x+5-16x}{\sqrt{2x^2+8x+5}+4\sqrt{x}}+\dfrac{2x^2-4x+5-4x}{\sqrt{2x^2-4x+5}+2\sqrt{x}}=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2x^2-8x+5}{\sqrt{2x^2+8x+5}+4\sqrt{x}}+\dfrac{2x^2-8x+5}{\sqrt{2x^2-4x+5}+2\sqrt{x}}=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2x^2-8x+5\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2x^2+8x+5}+4\sqrt{x}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2x^2-4x+5}+2\sqrt{x}}\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2x^2-8x+5=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{4\pm\sqrt{6}}{2}\)

1.

\(x^4-6x^2-12x-8=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^4-2x^2+1-4x^2-12x-9=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2-1\right)^2=\left(2x+3\right)^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x^2-1=2x+3\\x^2-1=-2x-3\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x^2-2x-4=0\\x^2+2x+2=0\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x=1\pm\sqrt{5}\)

3.

ĐK: \(x\ge-9\)

\(x^4-x^3-8x^2+9x-9+\left(x^2-x+1\right)\sqrt{x+9}=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2-x+1\right)\left(\sqrt{x+9}+x^2-9\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x+9}+x^2-9=0\left(1\right)\)

Đặt \(\sqrt{x+9}=t\left(t\ge0\right)\Rightarrow9=t^2-x\)

\(\left(1\right)\Leftrightarrow t+x^2+x-t^2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+t\right)\left(x-t+1\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-t\\x=t-1\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-\sqrt{x+9}\\x=\sqrt{x+9}-1\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow...\)

1) \(\sqrt[]{9\left(x-1\right)}=21\)

\(\Leftrightarrow9\left(x-1\right)=21^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow9\left(x-1\right)=441\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x-1=49\Leftrightarrow x=50\)

2) \(\sqrt[]{1-x}+\sqrt[]{4-4x}-\dfrac{1}{3}\sqrt[]{16-16x}+5=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt[]{1-x}+\sqrt[]{4\left(1-x\right)}-\dfrac{1}{3}\sqrt[]{16\left(1-x\right)}+5=0\)

\(\)\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt[]{1-x}+2\sqrt[]{1-x}-\dfrac{4}{3}\sqrt[]{1-x}+5=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt[]{1-x}\left(1+3-\dfrac{4}{3}\right)+5=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt[]{1-x}.\dfrac{8}{3}=-5\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt[]{1-x}=-\dfrac{15}{8}\)

mà \(\sqrt[]{1-x}\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow pt.vô.nghiệm\)

3) \(\sqrt[]{2x}-\sqrt[]{50}=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt[]{2x}=\sqrt[]{50}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2x=50\Leftrightarrow x=25\)

1) \(\sqrt{9\left(x-1\right)}=21\) (ĐK: \(x\ge1\))

\(\Leftrightarrow3\sqrt{x-1}=21\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x-1}=7\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x-1=49\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x=49+1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x=50\left(tm\right)\)

2) \(\sqrt{1-x}+\sqrt{4-4x}-\dfrac{1}{3}\sqrt{16-16x}+5=0\) (ĐK: \(x\le1\))

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{1-x}+2\sqrt{1-x}-\dfrac{4}{3}\sqrt{1-x}+5=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{5}{3}\sqrt{1-x}+5=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{5}{3}\sqrt{1-x}=-5\) (vô lý) 

Phương trình vô nghiệm

3) \(\sqrt{2x}-\sqrt{50}=0\) (ĐK: \(x\ge0\)) 

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{2x}=\sqrt{50}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2x=50\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{50}{2}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x=25\left(tm\right)\)

4) \(\sqrt{4x^2+4x+1}=6\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\left(2x+1\right)^2}=6\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left|2x+1\right|=6\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}2x+1=6\left(ĐK:x\ge-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)\\2x+1=-6\left(ĐK:x< -\dfrac{1}{2}\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}2x=5\\2x=-7\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{5}{2}\left(tm\right)\\x=-\dfrac{7}{2}\left(tm\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

5) \(\sqrt{\left(x-3\right)^2}=3-x\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left|x-3\right|=3-x\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x-3=3-x\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x+x=3+3\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{6}{2}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x=3\)

Lời giải:

a. ĐKXĐ: $x\geq 4$

PT $\Leftrightarrow \sqrt{(x-4)+4\sqrt{x-4}+4}=2$

$\Leftrightarrow \sqrt{(\sqrt{x-4}+2)^2}=2$

$\Leftrightarrow |\sqrt{x-4}+2|=2$

$\Leftrightarrow  \sqrt{x-4}+2=2$

$\Leftrightarrow \sqrt{x-4}=0$

$\Leftrightarrow x=4$ (tm)

b. ĐKXĐ: $x\in\mathbb{R}$

PT $\Leftrightarrow \sqrt{(2x-1)^2}=\sqrt{(x-3)^2}$

$\Leftrightarrow |2x-1|=|x-3|$

\(\Rightarrow \left[\begin{matrix} 2x-1=x-3\\ 2x-1=3-x\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow \left[\begin{matrix} x=-2\\ x=\frac{4}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)

c.

PT \(\Rightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} 2x-1\geq 0\\ 2x^2-2x+1=(2x-1)^2\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} x\geq \frac{1}{2}\\ 2x^2-2x=0\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} x\geq \frac{1}{2}\\ 2x(x-1)=0\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow x=1\)

a, ĐKXĐ : \(x\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\)

 PT <=> 2x - 1 = 5

<=> x = 3 ( TM )

Vậy ...

b, ĐKXĐ : \(x\ge5\)

PT <=> x - 5 = 9

<=> x = 14 ( TM )

Vậy ...

c, PT <=> \(\left|2x+1\right|=6\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}2x+1=6\\2x+1=-6\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{5}{2}\\x=-\dfrac{7}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)

Vậy ...

d, PT<=> \(\left|x-3\right|=3-x\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-3=x-3\\x-3=3-x\end{matrix}\right.\)

Vậy phương trình có vô số nghiệm với mọi x \(x\le3\)

e, ĐKXĐ : \(-\dfrac{5}{2}\le x\le1\)

PT <=> 2x + 5 = 1 - x

<=> 3x = -4

<=> \(x=-\dfrac{4}{3}\left(TM\right)\)

Vậy ...

f ĐKXĐ : \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x\le0\\1\le x\le3\end{matrix}\right.\)

PT <=> \(x^2-x=3-x\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x=\pm\sqrt{3}\) ( TM )

Vậy ...

a) \(\sqrt{2x-1}=\sqrt{5}\)          (x \(\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\))

<=> 2x - 1 = 5

<=> x = 3 (tmđk)

Vậy S = \(\left\{3\right\}\)

b) \(\sqrt{x-5}=3\)           (x\(\ge5\))

<=> x - 5 = 9

<=> x = 4 (ko tmđk)

Vậy x \(\in\varnothing\)

c) \(\sqrt{4x^2+4x+1}=6\)          (x \(\in R\))

<=> \(\sqrt{\left(2x+1\right)^2}=6\)

<=> |2x + 1| = 6

<=> \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}\text{2x + 1=6}\\\text{2x + 1}=-6\end{matrix}\right.< =>\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{5}{2}\\x=\dfrac{-7}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)(tmđk)

Vậy S = \(\left\{\dfrac{5}{2};\dfrac{-7}{2}\right\}\)

\(a,PT\Leftrightarrow\left|x+3\right|=3x-6\\ \Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x+3=3x-6\left(x\ge-3\right)\\x+3=6-3x\left(x< -3\right)\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{9}{2}\left(tm\right)\\x=\dfrac{3}{4}\left(ktm\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{9}{2}\\ b,PT\Leftrightarrow\left|x-1\right|=\left|2x-1\right|\\ \Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-1=2x-1\\1-x=2x-1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\x=\dfrac{2}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(c,ĐK:x\le\dfrac{2}{5}\\ PT\Leftrightarrow4-5x=25x^2-20x+4\\ \Leftrightarrow25x^2-15x=0\\ \Leftrightarrow5x\left(5x-3\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\left(tm\right)\\x=\dfrac{3}{5}\left(ktm\right)\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow x=0\\ d,ĐK:x\le\dfrac{2}{5}\\ PT\Leftrightarrow4-5x=2-5x\\ \Leftrightarrow x\in\varnothing\)