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\(\overrightarrow{CN}=2\overrightarrow{NA}\Leftrightarrow\overrightarrow{CA}+\overrightarrow{AN}=-2\overrightarrow{AN}\Leftrightarrow\overrightarrow{AN}=\frac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{AC}\)
\(\overrightarrow{AK}=\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AM}+\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AN}=\frac{1}{4}\overrightarrow{AB}+\frac{1}{6}\overrightarrow{AC}\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{KA}=-\frac{1}{4}\overrightarrow{AB}-\frac{1}{6}\overrightarrow{AC}\)
\(\overrightarrow{KD}=\overrightarrow{KA}+\overrightarrow{AD}=\left(-\frac{1}{4}\overrightarrow{AB}-\frac{1}{6}\overrightarrow{AC}\right)+\left(\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AB}+\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AC}\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{4}\overrightarrow{AB}+\frac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{AC}\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m=\frac{1}{4}\\n=\frac{1}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow m-n=-\frac{1}{12}\)
Do K là trung điểm của MN nên \(\overrightarrow{AK}=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\overrightarrow{AM}+\overrightarrow{AN}\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{AC}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{4}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{AC}\).
\(\overrightarrow{AD}=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{AC}\right)\).
\(\overrightarrow{KD}=\overrightarrow{KA}+\overrightarrow{AD}=\)\(-\dfrac{1}{4}\overrightarrow{AB}-\dfrac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{AC}+\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{AC}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{4}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{1}{6}\overrightarrow{AC}\).
\(\overrightarrow{CN}=2\overrightarrow{NA}\Leftrightarrow\overrightarrow{CA}+\overrightarrow{AN}=-2\overrightarrow{AN}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-\overrightarrow{AC}=-3\overrightarrow{AN}\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{AN}=\frac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{AC}\)
\(\overrightarrow{AM}=\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AB}\) (do M là trung điểm AB)
\(\overrightarrow{AK}=\frac{1}{2}\left(\overrightarrow{AM}+\overrightarrow{AN}\right)=\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AB}+\frac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{AC}\right)=\frac{1}{4}\overrightarrow{AB}+\frac{1}{6}\overrightarrow{AC}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m=\frac{1}{4}\\n=\frac{1}{6}\end{matrix}\right.\)
a)
\(\overrightarrow{AK}=\overrightarrow{AI}+\overrightarrow{IK}=\overrightarrow{AI}+\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{IB}=\overrightarrow{AI}+\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\overrightarrow{IA}+\overrightarrow{AB}\right)\)
\(=\overrightarrow{AI}+\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{IA}+\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AB}\)\(=\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AI}\).
b) Theo câu a:
\(\overrightarrow{AK}=\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AI}=\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{1}{2}.\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{AC}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{1}{4}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{1}{4}\overrightarrow{AC}=\dfrac{3}{4}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{1}{4}\overrightarrow{AC}\).
\(\overrightarrow{KD}=\overrightarrow{KA}+\overrightarrow{AD}=-\overrightarrow{AK}+\overrightarrow{AD}\)
\(=-\frac{1}{2}\left(\overrightarrow{AM}+\overrightarrow{AN}\right)+\frac{1}{2}\left(\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{AC}\right)\)
\(=-\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AB}+\frac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{AC}\right)+\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AB}+\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AC}\)
\(=\frac{1}{4}\overrightarrow{AB}+\frac{1}{6}\overrightarrow{AC}\)
Theo các xác định điểm M, N ta có:
\(\overrightarrow{AM}=\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AB};\overrightarrow{AN}=\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{AC}.\)
Theo tính chất trung điểm của MN ta có:
\(\overrightarrow{AK}=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\overrightarrow{AM}+\overrightarrow{AN}\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{AC}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{4}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{AC}\).
Ta có:
\(\overrightarrow {MN} = \overrightarrow {MA} + \overrightarrow {AD} + \overrightarrow {DN} \)
Mặt khác: \(\overrightarrow {MN} = \overrightarrow {MB} + \overrightarrow {BC} + \overrightarrow {CN} \)
\(\begin{array}{l} \Rightarrow 2\overrightarrow {MN} = \overrightarrow {MA} + \overrightarrow {AD} + \overrightarrow {DN} + \overrightarrow {MB} + \overrightarrow {BC} + \overrightarrow {CN} \\ \Leftrightarrow 2\overrightarrow {MN} = \left( {\overrightarrow {MA} + \overrightarrow {MB} } \right) + \left( {\overrightarrow {DN} + \overrightarrow {CN} } \right) + \overrightarrow {BC} + \overrightarrow {AD} \\ \Leftrightarrow 2\overrightarrow {MN} = \overrightarrow 0 + \overrightarrow 0 + \overrightarrow {BC} + \overrightarrow {AD} \\ \Leftrightarrow 2\overrightarrow {MN} = \overrightarrow {BC} + \overrightarrow {AD} \end{array}\)
Lại có:
\(\overrightarrow {BC} + \overrightarrow {AD} = \overrightarrow {BD} + \overrightarrow {DC} + \overrightarrow {AD} = \overrightarrow {AD} + \overrightarrow {DC} + \overrightarrow {BD} = \overrightarrow {AC} + \overrightarrow {BD} .\)
Vậy \(\overrightarrow {BC} + \overrightarrow {AD} = 2\overrightarrow {MN} = \;\overrightarrow {AC} + \overrightarrow {BD} .\)
Xét \(\Delta ABC\) có:
\(M\) là trung điểm \(AB\)
\(D\) là trung điểm \(BC\)
\(\Rightarrow\) \(MD\) là đường trung bình của \(\Delta ABC\)
\(\Rightarrow\) \(MD\)\(=\)\(\dfrac{1}{2}AC\) và \(MD\) //\(AC\)
Ta có:
\(\overrightarrow{KD}=\overrightarrow{KM}+\overrightarrow{MD}\)
\(\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{KD}=\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{NM}+\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AC}\)
\(\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{KD}=\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{NA}+\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AM}+\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AC}=\dfrac{1}{6}\overrightarrow{CA}+\dfrac{1}{4}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AC}\\ \Rightarrow\overrightarrow{KD}=\dfrac{1}{4}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{AC}\)