a) \(x^4+8x+63\)

\(=x^4+4x^3+9x^2-4x^3-16x^2-36x+7x^2+28x+63\)

\(=x^2\left(x^2+4x+9\right)-4x\left(x^2+4x+9\right)+7\left(x^2+4x+9\right)\)

\(=\left(x^2+4x+9\right)\left(x^2-4x+7\right)\)

c) \(\left(x^2+2x+7\right)+\left(x^2-2x+4\right)\left(x^2+2x+3\right)\left(1\right)\)

Ta có : \(x^3-8=\left(x-2\right)\left(x^2+2x+4\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow x^2+2x+4=\dfrac{x^3-8}{x-2}\)

\(\left(1\right)\Rightarrow\left[\left(\dfrac{x^3-8}{x-2}+3\right)\right]+\left(x^2-2x+4\right)\left[\left(\dfrac{x^3-8}{x-2}-1\right)\right]\)

\(=\left[\left(\dfrac{x^3-3x-14}{x-2}\right)\right]+\left(x^2-2x+4\right)\left[\left(\dfrac{x^3-2x-5}{x-2}\right)\right]\)

\(=\dfrac{1}{x-2}\left[x^3-3x-14+\left(x^2-2x+4\right)\left(x^3-2x-5\right)\right]\)

a) \(=3\left(x^2-10x+25\right)=3\left(x-5\right)^2\)

b) \(=x\left(x+y\right)+8\left(x+y\right)=\left(x+y\right)\left(x+8\right)\)

c) \(=\left(x+2\right)^2-y^2=\left(x+2-y\right)\left(x+2+y\right)\)

a) 

b) 

c) 

a: \(x^2-6x+5=\left(x-5\right)\left(x-1\right)\)

b: \(x^2-x-12=\left(x-4\right)\left(x+3\right)\)

c: \(x^2+8x+15=\left(x+5\right)\left(x+3\right)\)

d: \(2x^2-5x-12=\left(x-4\right)\left(2x+3\right)\)

e: \(x^2-13x+36=\left(x-9\right)\left(x-4\right)\)

\(16-8x+x^2\)
\(=4^2-2.4.x+x^2\)
\(=\left(4-x\right)^2\)

\(x^2+2x+1-16=\left(x+1\right)^2-4^2=\left(x+1-4\right).\left(x+1+4\right)=\left(x-3\right).\left(x+5\right)\)

\(x^2+2x+1-16=\left(x^2+2x+1\right)-4^2=\left(x+1\right)^2-4^2=\left(x+1-4\right)\left(x+1+4\right)=\left(x-3\right)\left(x+5\right)\)

Bài 3

a) x² + 10x + 25

= x² + 2.x.5 + 5²

= (x + 5)²

b) 8x - 16 - x²

= -(x² - 8x + 16)

= -(x² - 2.x.4 + 4²)

= -(x - 4)²

c) x³ + 3x² + 3x + 1

= x³ + 3.x².1 + 3.x.1² + 1³

= (x + 1)³

d) (x + y)² - 9x²

= (x + y)² - (3x)²

= (x + y - 3x)(x + y + 3x)

= (y - 2x)(4x + y)

e) (x + 5)² - (2x - 1)²

= (x + 5 - 2x + 1)(x + 5 + 2x - 1)

= (6 - x)(3x + 4)

Bài 4

a) x² - 9 = 0

x² = 9

x = 3 hoặc x = -3

b) (x - 4)² - 36 = 0

(x - 4 - 6)(x - 4 + 6) = 0

(x - 10)(x + 2) = 0

x - 10 = 0 hoặc x + 2 = 0

*) x - 10 = 0

x = 10

*) x + 2 = 0

x = -2

Vậy x = -2; x = 10

c) x² - 10x = -25

x² - 10x + 25 = 0

(x - 5)² = 0

x - 5 = 0

x = 5

d) x² + 5x + 6 = 0

x² + 2x + 3x + 6 = 0

(x² + 2x) + (3x + 6) = 0

x(x + 2) + 3(x + 2) = 0

(x + 2)(x + 3) = 0

x + 2 = 0 hoặc x + 3 = 0

*) x + 2 = 0

x = -2

*) x + 3 = 0

x = -3

Vậy x = -3; x = -2

2xy – x2 – y2 + 16 (Có 2xy ; x2 ; y2, ta liên tưởng đến HĐT (1) hoặc (2))

= 16 – (x2 – 2xy + y2)

= 42 – (x – y)2 (xuất hiện hằng đẳng thức (3))

= [4 – (x – y)][4 + (x - y)]

= (4 – x + y)(4 + x – y).