I.        Choose the word (a, b, c or d) that best fits each of the blank spaces.

An American professor who has studied the Mayas has come up (16) _____ a new theory about the sudden end of their empire. According to Professor Richard Hansen, an archaeologist (17) _____ the University of California; the collapse of the Mayan (18) _____ in Central America was (19) _____ about by the Mayas (20) _____.

Their object was to display their wealth and power by making their buildings and decoration as beautiful as (21) _____. This involved using large quantities of lime, which they put (22) _____ the walls to make them smooth. Unfortunately, the creation of lime is a process which requires intense heat, and they (23) _____ had to cut down huge numbers (24) _____ trees. This affected the quality of the soil, and it (25) _____ almost impossible to farm.

16. a. with                           b. to                                 c. for                                d. about

17. a. in                               b. at                                  c. on                                 d. belongs to

18. a. civil                           b. civilians                        c. civilize                          d. civilization

19. a. brought                     b. turned                          c. came                             d. made

20. a. themselves       b. themself     c. theirself      d. theyselves

21. a. popular                      b. suitable                        c. possible                        d. available

22. a. in                               b. on                                 c. for                                d. to

23. a. however                    b. therefore                      c. moreover                      d. besides

24. a. on                              b. of                                 c. for                                d. Æ

25. a. become                      b. becomes                       c. has become                  d. became

An American professor who has studied the Mayas................. come up..............a new theory about the sudden end of their empire.According to Professor Richard Hansen, an archaeologist......... the University of California; the collapse of the Mayan.......... in Central America was.......... about by the Mayas................

Their object was to display their wealth and power by making their building and decorations as beautiful as possible.This involved using large quantities of lime, which they put..................the walls to make them smooth. Unfortunately, the creation of lime is a precess which requires intense heat, and they........ had to cut down huge numbers............ trees. This affected the quality of the soil, and it....................almost impossible to farm

Read the text below and decide which answer best fits each space given.

            Over the past forty years, TV sets have become standard pieces of equipment in ( 1 ) …. and watching TV has become a standard activity for many families. Children in our culture grow up and ( 2 )…. TV in the morning, in the afternoon, and often in the evening as well. ( 3 )………..there are many excellent programs for children, many people think that TV may not be good for them.

            ( 4 )… TV may be a bad influence ( 5 ) …………children for three main reasons. ( 6 )… some programs are not good for children to see. For example, there are many police stories on TV: people are killed ( 7 )……… guns, knives and even poisons. Some children might think these things could ( 8 )….. to them at any time.   ( 9 )…. they can  become ( 10 )…. .

I. Read the text below and decide which answer A, B, C or D best fits each space. Write your answers in ‘Your answers’ part. (15 points) ZOOS Many people remember (1) ___________ to the zoo as a child. They remember especially the excitement of (2) ___________ seeing animals for the first time, when before they had only read about them in books or seen them on television. However, there is (3) ___________ discussion today about the future of zoos and what their role should be. Supporters of zoos claim that they have an educational (4) ___________ and represent a good way for people of (5) ___________ ages to learn more about the natural world. Also, zoos provide (6) ___________ for important research and frequently (7) ___________ scientists to help save those animals which are becoming (8) ___________ rare in the wild. Opponents, however, criticize zoos for a number of reasons. Firstly, they say that it is (9) ___________ to keep animals in cages. Even in the best zoos, animals may (10) ___________ because the places in which they have to live are both restricted and (11) ___________. This can cause them to (12) ___________ stress and can affect their health. Secondly, they believe that money would be (13) __________ spent on protecting animals in their (14) __________ environment. Finally, opponents (15) __________ out that most people nowadays can see well-made nature documentaries on television and that this is a much more valuable experience than going to a zoo. 1. A. to take B. taking C. being taken D. to be taken 2. A actually B genuinely C positively D truly 3. A deep B considerable C large D important 4. A activity B function C situation D occupation 5. A several B both C all D every 6. A ways B reasons C methods D opportunities 7. A make B arrange C allow D let 8. A completely B increasingly C totally D greatly 9. A violent B severe C heavy D cruel 10. A suffer B injure C fail D hurt 11. A designed B manufactured C artificial D false 12. A experience B have C create D bear 13. A further B rather C better D more 14. A standard B daily C typical D natural 15. A pick B point C show D speak

Space Tourism If you are like most people, you probably dream of spending your next vacation sightseeing or relaxing in a tropical spot. But pretty soon, you may have the option of blasting into space and exploring the universe. It appears that space tourism may start to experience a boom that is sure to be out of this world. Since ancient times, humans have surely dreamed about visiting space. However, it was just a fantasy until 1961, when Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin became the first person to fly into space. Yet in the years following, only a few highly-trained Soviet and American astronauts managed to leave the Earth’s atmosphere. In the mid-1980s, the US began to relax some of its restrictions. In 1986, an engineer named Charles Walker became the first non-government employee to fly into space. A year later, an American teacher named Christa McAuliffe was chosen to be the first teacher in space. Unfortunately, the Space Shuttle she was on, The Challenger, crashed during takeoff, killing everyone on board. Space tourism got an unexpected boost from the collapse of the Soviet Union. With Russia’s space programme in dire need of money, it became open to offers for space tourism. In 1990, a Japanese reporter was allowed to fly with a Russian crew into space, but the trip would cost his employer $28 million. In the late 1990s, a private company, MirCorp, started organizing trips to space for wealthy individuals. Now, many other companies are trying to do the same. Still, most people who want to become space tourists face a major barrier: the price. Early space tourists have paid dozens of millions of dollars for a seven-to- ten-day stay outside the Earth. However, there are some indications that the price will come down in the near future. Some corporations are gearing up for this with big plans to make space a more hospitable place. The luxurious hotel chain Hilton has expressed interest in opening a space hotel in the next 15 to 20 years. Meanwhile, some experts believe that flights to and from the moon could become a common occurrence within a few decades. Hopefully someday soon we will all have the chance to get to know our solar system a little bit better. 1: What happened in 1961? A: The first space tourist traveled into space. B: An American astronaut landed on the moon. C: The first human traveled into space. D: The first Soviet space tourism company opened. 2: Who was Christa McAuliffe? A: The first American space tourist B: A businesswoman who supported space tourism C: A Soviet official who banned space tourism D: An American teacher who wanted to travel into space 3: What effect did the end of the Soviet Union have on space tourism? A: It made space tourism more expensive. B: It made space tourism become a reality. C: It delayed the start of space tourism for many years. D: It prevented people from flying into space for a decade. 4: The word “dire” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to _________. A: necessary B: sufficient C: important D: serious 5: What is MirCorp? A: A company that develops equipment for space tourism B: A company that fights against bringing people into space C: A Russian government agency that trains astronauts D: An organization that plans trips for people who want to visit space 6: Why aren’t more people taking vacation in space? A: Space tourism hasn’t proven to be safe just yet. B: Most governments have made it illegal to travel in space. C: Many are waiting for the cost to come down. D: Many have stated that there is not much to see in space. 7: What does the passage imply about the future of space tourism? A: Eventually, space tourism will become cheaper. B: It seems very unlikely that space tourism will ever be popular. C: There will be few space tourists until more hotels are developed. D: It really isn’t worth it for common people to journey. 8: It can be inferred from the passage that _________. A: Christa McAuliffe has been the first teacher to come back from space B: the Japanese reporter spent two weeks in space in 1990 C: Charles Walker had never been a pilot before joining the NASA’s training programme D: the US began to relax some restrictions because of the disaster of The Challenger.

Part C: Read the text below and decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each spacce (10 points)

Many parents believe that they should begin to teach their ......(1)..... to read when they are more than todders. This is fine if the child shows a real interest bujt ......(2)..... a child could be counter- productive if she isn`t ready. Wise parents will have a relaxed attitude and take the ....(3)...... from their child . What they should provide is a selection of ......(4)...... toys, books, and other activities. Nowadays, there is a plenty good .....(5)..... available for young children, and of course, seeing plenty of books in use about the house will also .....(6)...... them to learn.

Of course, books are no longer the only .....(7).... of stories and information. .....(8)....... is also a huge range of videos , which can reinforce and extend the pleasure a child finds in a book and are .....(9)...... valuable in helping to in crease vocabulary and concentration . Television gets a bad .....(10).... as far as children are concerned, mainly because too many spend too much time watching programs not intended for their are group.

1. A. children                                B. adults                           C. off- springs                    D. babies

2. A. insisting                                B. forcing                         C. making                          D. starting

3. A. guide                        B. way                              C. lead                               D. part

4. A. bright                      B. thrilling                        C. energetic                        D. stimulating

5. A. material                                B. sense                            C. produce                         D. amusement

6. A. provoke                                B. encourage                    C. support                          D. attract

7. A. source                       B. site                               C. style                               D. basis

8. A. it                               B. that                              C. there                              D. this

9. A. properly                    B. worthily                       C. perfectly                        D. equally

10. A. review                                B. press                            C. criticism                         D. result

• For questions 1–8, read the text and decide which answer (A, B, C, or D) best fits each gap.

Standardized shopping malls have become the new Main Streets of the USA according to one (1) ……….….……. on the subject. Along with antibiotics and personal computers, the shopping mall has been (2) ……….….……. as one of the top 50 wonders that have revolutionized the lives of people today. But shopping malls didn’t just happen out of the blue. The mall was originally (3) ……….….……. of as a community center where people would (4) ……….….……. for shopping, cultural activity, and social interaction. It is safe to (5) ……….….……. that the mall has achieved and surpassed those early expectations. The first enclosed mall was developed in a suburb of Minneapolis in 1956 and was designed to get the shopper out of the harsh weather. The phenomenal growth and development of shopping centers were a natural (6) ……….….……. of the migration of the population out from the cities and (7) ……….….……. the growth of the use of the automobile. The success and impact of the shopping mall may have something to do with their potential to (8) ……….….……. community life.

1, A. scholar     B. master     C. body     D. authority

2, A. put forward     B. set up     C. picked up     D. brought out

3, A. imagined     B. devised     C. conceived     D. formulated

4, A. cluster     B. converge     C. group     D. rally

5, A. say      B. tell      C. speak      D. remark

6, A. sequel      B. upshot     C. follow-up      D. consequence

7, A. corresponded      B. paralleled      C. correlated      D. equated

8, A. raise      B. magnify      C. enhance      D. heighten

·  For questions 1 – 8, read the text below and decide which answer (A, B, C, or D) best fits each gap.

The global recording industry has launched its largest wave of legal (1) _______ against people suspected of sharing music files on the internet. The latest move by the International Federation of the photographic Industry (IFPI) (2) _______ 2,100 alleged uploaders using peer-to-peer (P2P) networks in16 nations (3) ___________ the UK, France, Germany and Italy.

Thousands of people have agreed to pay compensation since the campaign began. In the US, civil lawsuits have been brought against more than 15,597 people (4) ______ September 2003 and there have been 3,590 settlements. 'This is a significant escalation of our enforcement actions against people who are uploading and distributing (5) _______ music on p2p networks,' said IFPI chief John Kennedy.

Thousands of people - mostly internet-savvy men in their 20s or 30s - have learned to their (6) ________ the legal and financial risks involved in file-sharing copyrighted music in large quantities.' Individual cases are generally brought by the national associations (7) ________ the recording industry, and in some cases by the labels, as civil complaints. The UK record industry has so far brought 97 cases, with an (8) ______ 65 covered by the latest action. More than 140,000 in compensation has been paid to the British Phonographic Industry by 71 individuals.

1.  A) action    B) activity     C) acting     D) acts

2.  A) aimed    B) targeted    C) directed     D) pointed

3.  A) such      B) with     C) including     D) throughout

4.  A) during     B) throughout     C) since      D) in

5.  A) copyrighted     B) registered      C) trademark      D) illegal

6.  A) benefit      B) charge     C) cost     D) fortune

7.  A) for      B) working     C) representing     D) inside

8.  A) newly      B) addition    C) further     D) another

VI. Read the text below and decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each question;

Brazil, the largest country in South America and the fifth largest country in the world, is located in the eastern half of South America. The people of Brazil are famous for their outgoing, friendly, and fun-loving nature. Brazilian women are considered to be among the best dressed in the world. Brazil is a federal republic with 23 states. The capital city is Brasilia. Portuguese is the official language and it is spoken with a distinct Brazilian accent. Brazil has population of over 138 million, which is made of people of many different races and ethnic groups. A number of industrial products are produced in Brazil, including cars, chemicals, ships, machines, and military weapons. Mining is also an important industry. Agriculture is another important industry. Many crops are exported including coffee (Brazil is the largest coffee grower in the world), cotton, soybeans, sugar, cocoa, rice, corn and fruit.

1. Who are considered to be among the best dressed in the world?

A. Brazilian men                     B. Brazilians                C. Americans              D. Brazilian women

2. How are the people of Brazil?

A. Outgoing, famous, and natural.                 B. Outgoing, friendly, and natural.

C. Outgoing, friendly, and fun-loving.           D. Famous, friendly, and fun-loving.

3. The word “rice” in line 11 is closest in meaning to            .

A. a kind of vegetables           B. a kind of grains      C. a kind of meat          D. a kind of drinks

4. What is the most significant agricultural product in Brazil?

A. cocoa                                  B. coffee                     C. corn                        D. cotton

VII. Choose one suitable word which best fits each gap of the passage.(3 points)

            Music is an art that puts sounds together in a way that people like or find (1) …….. Most music includes people (2) …….. their voice or (3) …… musical instruments, such as a piano, a guitar, or drums. People can enjoy music by (4) ……. to it. They can go to the (5) …….to hear musicians perform. Classical music is usually (6) ………in concert halls, but sometimes huge ( 7) ……… are organized in which it is performed outside, in a field or a stadium, like pop festivals. People can listen to music on CDs, computers, Ipods, televisions, radios, cassettes/recordplayers and even (8) …… People can learn to play a musical instrument such as the piano, the guitar, the bass, the trumpet, the drums, or the flute. Anyone can make up his or her own (9) ….. of music. It is not difficult to (10) …… simple  songs  or melodies, but it is easier for those who can play an instrument themselves.

1.      A. interest                  B. interesting               C.interested                D. interests

2.      A. saying                   B. thinking                  C. singing                    D. telling

3.      A. playing                  B. singing                    C. doing                      D. making

4.      A. writing                  B. typing                     C. listening                  D. chatting

5.      A. concerts                B. plays                       C. dramas                    D. movies

6.      A. done                      B. performed               C. read                                    D. made

7.      A. songs                     B. meetings                 C. festivals                  D. classes

8.      A. books                    B. mobiles                   C. songs                      D. poems

9.      A. piece                     B. unit                         C. part                         D. lesson

10.  A. do                                     B. compose                 C. say                          D. make          

VIII. Fill in each numbered blank with ONE suitable word. (3 points)

                                                CHRISTMAS IN ENGLAND

            In England, children get their presents (1) ............ Christmas Eve, the 24^th of December. Father Christmas comes at (2) ........when everyone is asleep. His (3) ........... can fly and takeshim from house to house to ( 4) ........all the gifts. They land on the roofs of the houses and then Father Christmas (5) .......down the chimney to leave the presents (6) .........the Christmas tree. In the morning of Christmas Day, the 25^th of December, children usually get up very early to unwrap their (7) .......... Then they have plenty of time to play with their new toys. Christmas dinner is served (8) ......... the early afternoon. Most people eat turkey, sprouts and loads of other vegetables, not forgetting Christmas(9) .......... The 26^th of December is called Boxing Day. It has not always been a holiday. People used to go back to work on that day where their bosses gave them little Christmas presents in small boxes. That is (10) .......... the day is called Boxing Day.

Write your answers here:

• For questions 1−10, read the text below and then decide which answer best fits each gap.

                                                                                         HAVING A LAUGH

In one study conducted in 2016, samples of laughter from (1) _________ of English-speaking students (2) _________ at the University of California, Santa Cruz. A team made up of more than 30 (3) __________ scientists, anthropologists, and biologists then played these recordings to listeners from 24 (4) __________ societies, from indigenous tribes in New Guinea to city-dwellers in India and Europe. Participants were asked (5) __________ they thought the people laughing were friends or strangers. On average, the results were remarkably consistent: worldwide, people’s guesses were correct approximately 60% of the time.

  Researchers (6) __________ that different types of laughter serve as codes to complex human social hierarchies. A team led by Christopher Oveis from the University of California, San Diego, found that (7) __________ individuals had different laughs from low-status individuals and that strangers’ judgments of an individual’s social status (8) ____________ by the dominant or submissive quality of their laughter. In their study, 48 male college students (9) _____________  to groups of four, with each group (10) _____________ two low-status members, who had just joined their college fraternity group, and two high-status members, older students who had been active in the fraternity for at least two years.

1, A. couples          B. combines         C. put together         D. pairs

2, A. have recorded         B. recorded      C. were recorded          D. being recorded

3, A. intellectual        B. spiritual        C. psychological         D. physical

4, A. diverse          B. various        C. miscellaneous         D. disparate

5, A. that     B. whether     C. jeopardize        D. when

6, A. were further found     B. were found      C. had thus found      D. have also found

7, A. exalted      B. high-status    C. high-position    D. higher-reputation

8, A. were influenced      B. were affected     C. was being influenced    D. has been impacted

9, A. were eventually assigned    B. were randomly allocated     C. were randomly assigned 

10, A. inclusive of      B. comprised      C. incorporated       D. composed of