a) B\(=\) 3 + 3² + 3³ + ... + 3⁶⁰ 

\(=\)(3+3²)+(3³+3⁴)+...+(3⁵⁹+3⁶⁰)

\(=\)3(1+3)+3³(1+3)+...+3⁵⁹(1+3)

\(=\)(3+1)(3+3³+...+3⁵⁹)

\(=\)4(3+3³+...+3⁵⁹)⋮4

⇒B⋮4

b) B\(=\)(3+3²+3³)+...+(3⁵⁸+3⁵⁹+3⁶⁰)

\(=\)3⁰(3+3²+3³)+...+3⁵⁷(3⁵⁸+3⁵⁹+3⁶⁰)

\(=\)3+3²+3³(3⁰+3³+3⁶+...+3⁵⁷)

\(=\)39(3⁰+3³+3⁶+...+3⁵⁷)⋮13

⇒ B⋮13

a) M = \(5+5^2+5^3+...+5^{80}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow M=5.\left(1+5\right)+5^3\left(1+5\right)+...+5^{79}\left(1+5\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow M=5.6+5^3.6+...+5^{79}.6\)

\(\Leftrightarrow M=6.\left(5+5^3+...+5^{79}\right)⋮6\)

=> M chi hết cho 6 => điều phải chứng minh

) M = (5+5^2) + (5^3+5^4) + … + (5^79+5^80)

M = 5(1+5) + 5^3(1+5) + … + 5^79(1+5)

M= 5.6 + 5^3.6 + … + 5^79.6

M = 6(5+5^3+…+5^79) chia hết cho 6

b)  Ta thấy : M = 5 + 5²+ 5³+ ... + 5⁸⁰ cchia hết cho số nguyên tố 5

Mặt khác, do: 5² + 5³ + ... 5⁸⁰ chia hết cho 5² (vì tất cả các số hạng đều chia hết cho 5²)

=> M = 5 + 5² + 5³ + ... + 5⁸⁰  không chia hết cho 5² (do 5 không chia hết cho 5²)

=> M chia hết cho 5 nhưng không chia hết cho 5²

=> M không phải số chính phương

\(B=3+3^2+3^3+3^4+...+3^{2009}+3^{2010}\)

\(=\left(3+3^2\right)+\left(3^3+3^4\right)+...+\left(3^{2009}+3^{2010}\right)\)

\(=3\left(1+3\right)+3^3\left(1+3\right)+...+3^{2009}\left(1+3\right)\)

\(=4.\left(3+3^3+...+3^{2009}\right)\)

⇒ \(B\) ⋮ 4

b: \(C=5\left(1+5+5^2\right)+...+5^{2008}\left(1+5+5^2\right)=31\cdot\left(5+...+5^{2008}\right)⋮31\)

\(a,C=5+5^2+5^3+5^4+\cdot\cdot\cdot+5^{20}\)

\(=5\left(1+5+5^2+\cdot\cdot\cdot+5^{19}\right)\)

Ta thấy: \(5\left(1+5+5^2+\cdot\cdot\cdot+5^{19}\right)⋮5\)

nên \(C⋮5\)

\(b,C=5+5^2+5^3+5^4\cdot\cdot\cdot+5^{20}\)

\(=\left(5+5^2\right)+\left(5^3+5^4\right)+\cdot\cdot\cdot+\left(5^{19}+5^{20}\right)\)

\(=5\left(1+5\right)+5^3\left(1+5\right)+\cdot\cdot\cdot+5^{19}\left(1+5\right)\)

\(=5\cdot6+5^3\cdot6+\cdot\cdot\cdot+5^{19}\cdot6\)

\(=6\cdot\left(5+5^3+\cdot\cdot\cdot+5^{19}\right)\)

Ta thấy: \(6\cdot\left(5+5^3+\cdot\cdot\cdot+5^{19}\right)⋮6\)

nên \(C⋮6\)

\(c,C=5+5^2+5^3+5^4+\cdot\cdot\cdot+5^{20}\)

\(=\left(5+5^3\right)+\left(5^2+5^4\right)+\cdot\cdot\cdot+\left(5^{17}+5^{19}\right)+\left(5^{18}+5^{20}\right)\)

\(=5\left(1+5^2\right)+5^2\left(1+5^2\right)+\cdot\cdot\cdot+5^{17}\cdot\left(1+5^2\right)+5^{18}\left(1+5^2\right)\)

\(=5\cdot26+5^2\cdot26+\cdot\cdot\cdot+5^{17}\cdot26+5^{18}\cdot26\)

\(=26\cdot\left(5+5^2+\cdot\cdot\cdot+5^{17}+5^{18}\right)\)

Ta thấy: \(26\cdot\left(5+5^2+\cdot\cdot\cdot+5^{17}+5^{18}\right)⋮13\)

nên \(C⋮13\)

#\(Toru\)

Sửa câu a

a)Ta có:

\(A=3+3^2+3^3+...+3^{99}\)

 \(A=\left(3+3^2+3^3\right)+...+\left(3^{97}+3^{98}+3^{99}\right)\) 

\(A=\left(3+3^2+3^3\right)+...+3^{96}.\left(3+3^2+3^3\right)\)

\(A=39+...+3^{96}.39\)

\(A=39.\left(1+...+3^{96}\right)\)

Vì 39 \(⋮\) 13 nên 39 . ( 1 + ... + 3⁹⁶ ) \(⋮\) 13

Vậy A \(⋮\) 13

_________

b)Ta có:

 \(B=5+5^2+5^3+...+5^{50}\)

\(B=\left(5+5^2\right)+\left(5^3+5^4\right)+...+\left(5^{49}+5^{50}\right)\)

\(B=\left(5+5^2\right)+5^2.\left(5+5^2\right)+...+5^{48}.\left(5+5^2\right)\)

\(B=30+5^2.30+...+5^{48}.30\)

\(B=30.\left(1+5^2+...+5^{48}\right)\)

Vì 30 \(⋮\) 6 nên 30. ( 1 + 5² + ... + 5⁴⁸ ) \(⋮\) 6

Vậy B \(⋮\) 6

a,A=3+3²+3³+..+3⁹⁹=(3+3²+3³)+...+(3⁹⁷+3⁹⁸+3⁹⁹)

     =3(1+3+3²)+...+3⁹⁷(1+3+3²)=3x13+...+3⁹⁷x13=13(3+...+97)⋮13

b,B=5+5²+...+5⁵⁰=(5+5²)+...+(5⁴⁹+5⁵⁰)=5(1+5)+..+5⁴⁹(1+5)

  =5x6+...+5⁴⁹x6=6(5+..+5⁴⁹)⋮6.

Bài 1:

\(a,A=\left(2+2^2\right)+\left(2^3+2^4\right)+...+\left(2^{2009}+2^{2010}\right)\\ A=\left(1+2\right)\left(2+2^3+...+2^{2009}\right)=3\left(2+...+2^{2009}\right)⋮3\\ A=\left(2+2^2+2^3\right)+...+\left(2^{2008}+2^{2009}+2^{2010}\right)\\ A=\left(1+2+2^2\right)\left(2+...+2^{2008}\right)=7\left(2+...+2^{2008}\right)⋮7\)

\(b,\left(\text{sửa lại đề}\right)B=\left(3+3^2\right)+\left(3^3+3^4\right)+...+\left(3^{2009}+3^{2010}\right)\\ B=\left(1+3\right)\left(3+3^3+...+3^{2009}\right)=4\left(3+3^3+...+3^{2009}\right)⋮4\\ B=\left(3+3^2+3^3\right)+...+\left(3^{2008}+3^{2009}+3^{2010}\right)\\ B=\left(1+3+3^2\right)\left(3+...+3^{2008}\right)=13\left(3+...+3^{2008}\right)⋮13\)

Bài 2:

\(a,\Rightarrow2A=2+2^2+...+2^{2012}\\ \Rightarrow2A-A=2+2^2+...+2^{2012}-1-2-2^2-...-2^{2011}\\ \Rightarrow A=2^{2012}-1>2^{2011}-1=B\\ b,A=\left(2020-1\right)\left(2020+1\right)=2020^2-2020+2020-1=2020^2-1< B\)

\(C=1+3+3^2+3^3+...+3^{11}\\ a,C=\left(1+3+3^2\right)+\left(3^3+3^4+3^5\right)+\left(3^6+3^7+3^8\right)+\left(3^9+3^{10}+3^{11}\right)\\ =13+3^3.\left(1+3+3^2\right)+3^6.\left(1+3+3^2\right)+3^9.\left(1+3+3^2\right)\\ =13+3^3.13+3^6.13+3^9.13\\ =13.\left(1+3^3+3^6+3^9\right)⋮13\)

Ý a phải chia hết cho 13 chứ em?

b: C=(1+3+3^2+3^3)+...+3^8(1+3+3^2+3^3)

=40(1+...+3^8) chia hết cho 40

a: C ko chia hết cho 15 nha bạn

a: \(B=3+3^2+3^3+...+3^{120}\)

\(=3\left(1+3+3^2+...+3^{119}\right)⋮3\)

b: \(B=3+3^2+3^3+3^4+...+3^{2020}\)

\(=3\left(1+3\right)+...+3^{2019}\left(1+3\right)\)

\(=4\cdot\left(3+...+3^{2019}\right)⋮4\)