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a)
$Cu + 2H_2SO_4 \to CuSO_4 + SO_2 + H_2O$
$2Fe + 6H_2SO_4 \to Fe_2(SO_4)_3 + 3SO_2 + 6H_2O$
b) n Cu =a (mol) ; n Fe = b(mol)
=> 64a + 56b = 12(1)
n SO2 = a + 1,5b = 5,6/22,4 = 0,25(2)
(1)(2) suy ra a = b = 0,1
%m Cu = 0,1.64/12 .100% = 53,33%
%m Fe = 100% -53,33% = 46,67%
c)
n CuSO4 = a = 0,1(mol)
n Fe2(SO4)3 = 0,5a = 0,05(mol)
m muối = 0,1.160 + 0,05.400 = 36(gam)
d) n H2SO4 = 2n SO2 = 0,5(mol)
V H2SO4 = 0,5/2 = 0,25(lít)
1) Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Cu}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow64a+56b=18,4\) (1)
Ta có: \(n_{SO_2}=\dfrac{7,84}{22,4}=0,35\left(mol\right)\)
Bảo toàn electron: \(2a+3b=0,35\cdot2=0,7\) (2)
Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,2\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Cu}=\dfrac{0,2\cdot64}{18,4}\cdot100\%\approx69,57\%\\\%m_{Fe}=30,43\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
2) PTHH: \(NaOH+SO_2\rightarrow NaHSO_3\)
Theo PTHH: \(n_{NaOH}=n_{SO_2}=0,35\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow V_{NaOH}=\dfrac{0,35}{2}=0,175\left(l\right)=175\left(ml\right)\)
\(1) n_{Cu} = a(mol) ; n_{Fe} = b(mol) \Rightarrow 64a + 56b = 18,4(1)\\ n_{SO_2} = \dfrac{7,84}{22,4} = 0,35(mol)\)
Bảo toàn electron :
\(2a + 3b = 0,35.2(2)\\ (1)(2) \Rightarrow a = 0,2 ; b = 0,1\\ \%m_{Cu} = \dfrac{0,2.64}{18,4}.100\% = 69,57\%\\ \%m_{Fe} = 100\%-69,57\% = 30,43\%\\ 2) NaOH + SO_2 \to NaHSO_3\\ n_{NaOH} = n_{SO_2} = 0,35(mol)\\ \Rightarrow V_{dd\ NaOH} = \dfrac{0,35}{2} = 0,175(lít)\)
`2Fe + 6H_2 SO_[4(đ,n)] -> Fe_2(SO_4)_3 + 3SO_2 \uparrow + 6H_2 O`
`0,05` `0,15` `0,025` `(mol)`
`Cu + 2H_2 SO_[4(đ,n)] -> CuSO_4 + SO_2 \uparrow + 2H_2 O`
`0,225` `0,45` `0,225` `(mol)`
`n_[SO_2]=[6,72]/[22,4]=0,3(mol)`
Gọi `n_[Fe]=x` ; `n_[Cu]=y`
`=>` $\begin{cases} \dfrac{3}{2}x+y=0,3\\56x+64y=17,2 \end{cases}$
`<=>` $\begin{cases}x=0,05\\y=0,225 \end{cases}$
`@m_[Fe_2(SO_4)_3]=0,025.400=10(g)`
`@m_[CuSO_4]=0,225.160=36(g)`
`@m_[dd H_2 SO_4]=[(0,15+0,45).98]/80 .100=73,5(g)`
Sửa đề: 80% ---> 98% (80% chưa đặc nên không giải phóng SO2 được)
Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Fe}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Cu}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\rightarrow56a+64b=17,2\left(1\right)\)
PTHH:
\(2Fe+6H_2SO_{4\left(đặc,nóng\right)}\rightarrow Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3SO_2\uparrow+6H_2O\)
a------>3a------------------->0,5a--------------->1,5a
\(Cu+2H_2SO_{4\left(đặc,nóng\right)}\rightarrow CuSO_4+SO_2\uparrow+2H_2O\)
b----->2b------------------->b------------->b
\(\rightarrow1,5a+b=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(2\right)\)
Từ \(\left(1\right)\left(2\right)\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,05\left(mol\right)\\b=0,225\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=0,5.0,05.400=10\left(g\right)\\m_{CuSO_4}=0,225.160=36\left(g\right)\\m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{\left(0,05.3+0,225.2\right).98}{98\%}=60\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{Cu}=a\left(mol\right),n_{Fe}=b\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_X=64a+56b=16.2\left(g\right)\left(1\right)\)
\(n_{SO_2}=\dfrac{8.96}{22.4}=0.4\left(mol\right)\)
Bảo toàn e :
\(2a+3b=0.4\cdot2=0.8\left(2\right)\)
\(\left(1\right),\left(2\right):a=0.0475,b=0.235\)
\(\%Cu=\dfrac{0.0475\cdot64}{16.2}\cdot100\%=18.76\%\)
\(\%Fe=81.24\%\)
\(b.\)
\(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{0.0475}{0.235}=\dfrac{19}{94}\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{Cu}=19x\left(mol\right),n_{Fe}=94x\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_X=19x\cdot64+94x\cdot56=22\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow x=\dfrac{11}{3240}\)
\(n_{H_2}=n_{Fe}=\dfrac{11}{3240}\cdot94=\dfrac{517}{1620}\left(mol\right)\)
\(V_{H_2}=7.15\left(l\right)\)
