1) Áp dụng bất đẳng thức AM - GM và bất đẳng thức Schwarz:

\(P=\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{ab}}\ge\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{\dfrac{a+b}{2}}\ge\dfrac{4}{a+\dfrac{a+b}{2}}=\dfrac{8}{3a+b}\ge8\).

Đẳng thức xảy ra khi a = b = \(\dfrac{1}{4}\).

2.

\(4=a^2+b^2\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\left(a+b\right)^2\Rightarrow a+b\le2\sqrt{2}\)

Đồng thời \(\left(a+b\right)^2\ge a^2+b^2\Rightarrow a+b\ge2\)

\(M\le\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{4\left(a+b+2\right)}=\dfrac{x^2}{4\left(x+2\right)}\) (với \(x=a+b\Rightarrow2\le x\le2\sqrt{2}\) )

\(M\le\dfrac{x^2}{4\left(x+2\right)}-\sqrt{2}+1+\sqrt{2}-1\)

\(M\le\dfrac{\left(2\sqrt{2}-x\right)\left(x+4-2\sqrt{2}\right)}{4\left(x+2\right)}+\sqrt{2}-1\le\sqrt{2}-1\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=2\sqrt{2}\) hay \(a=b=\sqrt{2}\)

3. Chia 2 vế giả thiết cho \(x^2y^2\)

\(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}=\dfrac{1}{x^2}+\dfrac{1}{y^2}-\dfrac{1}{xy}\ge\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\right)^2\)

\(\Rightarrow0\le\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\le4\)

\(A=\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{x^2}+\dfrac{1}{y^2}-\dfrac{1}{xy}\right)=\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\right)^2\le16\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=\dfrac{1}{2}\)

\(\left(x-1;y-1\right)=\left(a;b\right)\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a;b>0\\a+b\le2\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(A=\dfrac{\left(a+1\right)^4}{b^2}+\dfrac{\left(b+1\right)^4}{a^2}\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\left[\dfrac{\left(a+1\right)^2}{b}+\dfrac{\left(b+1\right)^2}{a}\right]^2\)

\(A\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\left[\dfrac{\left(a+b+2\right)^2}{a+b}\right]^2\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\left[\dfrac{8\left(a+b\right)}{a+b}\right]^2=32\)

\(P=\dfrac{1}{2021}\left(\dfrac{2021^2}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\right)\ge\dfrac{1}{2021}.\dfrac{\left(2021+1\right)^2}{x+y}=\dfrac{1}{2021}.\dfrac{2022^2}{\dfrac{2022}{2021}}=2022\)

\(P_{min}=2022\) khi \(\left(x;y\right)=\left(1;\dfrac{1}{2021}\right)\)

sao cái đoạn \(\dfrac{1}{2021}\left(\dfrac{2021^2}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\right)\ge\dfrac{1}{2021}.\dfrac{\left(2021+1\right)^2}{x+y}\) làm kiểu gì ra thầy :)

đây có phải bài giải phương trình đâu :vv 

mà thôi cũng cảm ơn bạn 

\(A=\dfrac{x^3+y^3+4}{xy+1}\ge\dfrac{x^3+y^3+4}{\dfrac{x^2+y^2}{2}+1}=\dfrac{x^3+y^3+4}{2}=\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{2}\left(x^3+x^3+1\right)+\dfrac{1}{2}\left(y^3+y^3+1\right)+3}{2}\)

\(\ge\dfrac{\dfrac{3}{2}\left(x^2+y^2\right)+3}{2}=3\)

\(A_{min}=3\) khi \(x=y=1\)

Do \(x^2+y^2=2\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\le\sqrt{2}\\y\le\sqrt{2}\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^3\le\sqrt{2}x^2\\y^3\le\sqrt{2}y^2\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow A\le\dfrac{\sqrt{2}\left(x^2+y^2\right)+4}{xy+1}=\dfrac{4+2\sqrt{2}}{xy+1}\le\dfrac{4+2\sqrt{2}}{1}=4+2\sqrt{2}\)

\(A_{max}=4+2\sqrt{2}\) khi \(\left(x;y\right)=\left(0;\sqrt{2}\right);\left(\sqrt{2};0\right)\)

\(2x^2+\dfrac{1}{x^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{4}=4\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+\dfrac{1}{x^2}+x^2+\dfrac{y^2}{4}=4\left(1\right)\)

Theo Bất đẳng thức Cauchy cho các cặp số \(\left(x^2;\dfrac{1}{x^2}\right);\left(x^2;\dfrac{y^2}{4}\right)\)

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2+\dfrac{1}{x^2}\ge2\\x^2+\dfrac{y^2}{4}\ge2.\dfrac{1}{2}xy\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2+\dfrac{1}{x^2}\ge2\\x^2+\dfrac{y^2}{4}\ge xy\end{matrix}\right.\)

Từ \(\left(1\right)\Leftrightarrow x^2+\dfrac{1}{x^2}+x^2+\dfrac{y^2}{4}\ge2+xy\)

\(\Leftrightarrow4\ge2+xy\)

\(\Leftrightarrow xy\le2\left(x;y\inℤ\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow Max\left(xy\right)=2\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi

\(xy\in\left\{-1;1;-2;2\right\}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x;y\right)\in\left\{\left(-1;-2\right);\left(1;2\right);\left(-2;-1\right);\left(2;1\right)\right\}\) thỏa mãn đề bài

hình như dấu "=" xảy ra khi x^2 = 1/x^2 với x^2 = y^2/4 mà bạn nhỉ

\(x+y=xy\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}=1\)

Đặt \(\left(\dfrac{1}{x};\dfrac{1}{y}\right)=\left(a;b\right)\Rightarrow a+b=1\) \(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\left(a+b\right)^2=\dfrac{1}{2}\)

\(P=\dfrac{a^2}{1+a-a^2}+\dfrac{b^2}{1+b-b^2}\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{2+a+b-\left(a^2+b^2\right)}=\dfrac{1}{3-\left(a^2+b^2\right)}\ge\dfrac{1}{3-\dfrac{1}{2}}=\dfrac{2}{5}\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=2\)

Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz dạng Engel có:

\(A=\dfrac{1}{x^2+y^2}+\dfrac{1}{2xy}+\dfrac{1}{2xy}\ge\dfrac{4}{x^2+y^2+2xy}+\dfrac{1}{\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{2}}=\dfrac{4}{\left(x+y\right)^2}+\dfrac{2}{\left(x+y\right)^2}=6\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi x=y=\(\dfrac{1}{2}\)

áp dụng BDT AM-GM

\(=>x+y\ge2\sqrt{xy}=>1\ge2\sqrt{xy}=>\sqrt{xy}\le\dfrac{1}{2}=>xy\le\dfrac{1}{4}\)

\(A=\dfrac{1}{x^2+y^2}+\dfrac{1}{xy}=\dfrac{1}{x^2+y^2}+\dfrac{1}{2xy}+\dfrac{1}{2xy}\)

\(\ge\dfrac{4}{x^2+2xy+y^2}+\dfrac{1}{2.\dfrac{1}{4}}=\dfrac{4}{\left(x+y\right)^2}+2=4+2=6\)

dấu"=" xảy ra \(< =>x=y=\dfrac{1}{2}\)