\(A=\left(\dfrac{456}{2}+1\right)+...+\left(\dfrac{2}{456}+1\right)+\left(\dfrac{1}{457}+1\right)+1\)

\(A=458+\dfrac{458}{2}+....+\dfrac{458}{456}+\dfrac{458}{457}-\dfrac{458}{458}\)

\(A=458\left(\dfrac{1}{2}+...+\dfrac{1}{456}+\dfrac{1}{457}+\dfrac{1}{458}\right)\)

Ta xét \(\dfrac{1}{2}+....+\dfrac{1}{456}+\dfrac{1}{457}+\dfrac{1}{458}\)có :

\(\dfrac{1}{2}=\dfrac{1}{2}\)

\(\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{4}>\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{1}{4}=\dfrac{1}{2}\)

\(\dfrac{1}{5}+\dfrac{1}{6}+...+\dfrac{1}{8}>\dfrac{1}{8}+\dfrac{1}{8}+...+\dfrac{1}{8}=\dfrac{1}{2}\)

\(\dfrac{1}{9}+\dfrac{1}{10}+....+\dfrac{1}{16}>\dfrac{1}{16}+....+\dfrac{1}{16}=\dfrac{1}{2}\)

\(\dfrac{1}{17}+\dfrac{1}{18}+....+\dfrac{1}{32}>\dfrac{1}{32}+.....+\dfrac{1}{32}=\dfrac{1}{2}\)

\(\dfrac{1}{33}+\dfrac{1}{34}+....+\dfrac{1}{64}>\dfrac{1}{64}+....+\dfrac{1}{64}=\dfrac{1}{2}\)

\(\dfrac{1}{65}+\dfrac{1}{66}+.....+\dfrac{1}{128}>\dfrac{1}{128}+....+\dfrac{1}{128}=\dfrac{1}{2}\)

\(\dfrac{1}{129}+\dfrac{1}{130}+.....+\dfrac{1}{256}>\dfrac{1}{256}+....+\dfrac{1}{256}=\dfrac{1}{2}\)

\(\dfrac{1}{257}+\dfrac{1}{258}+....+\dfrac{1}{458}>\dfrac{1}{458}+...+\dfrac{1}{458}=\dfrac{1}{2}\)

Vậy ta thấy được rằng

\(\dfrac{1}{2}+...+\dfrac{1}{456}>\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{202}{458}\)

\(=4+\dfrac{202}{458}=\dfrac{2034}{458}\)

Vậy \(A>458.\dfrac{2034}{458}=2034\)

Hay tức là A > 2016 ( đpcm )

Ta có:
A = (457/1 + 1) + (456/2 + 1) + ... + (2/456 + 1) + (1/457 + 1) - 457
A = 458 + 458/2 + ... + 458/456 + 458/457 - 457
A = 458 (1 + 1/2 + ...+ 1/456 + 1/457) - 457
Xét 1 + 1/2 + ... + 1/456 + 1/457, ta có
1 = 1
1/2 = 1/2
1/3 + 1/4 > 1/4 + 1/4 = 1/2
1/5 + 1/6 + ... + 1/8 > 1/8 + 1/8 + ... + 1/8 = 1/2
1/9 + 1/10 +...+ 1/16 > 1/16 + 1/16 +...+ 1/16 = 1/2
1/17 + 1/18 + ... + 1/32 > 1/32 + ... + 1/32 = 1/2
1/33+ 1/34 + ... + 1/64 > 1/64 + ...+ 1/64 = 1/2
1/65 + 1/66 + ...+ 1/128 > 1/128 + ... + 1/128 = 1/2
1/129 + 1/130 + ... + 1/256 > 1/256 + ...+ 1/256 = 1/2
1/257 + 1/258 + ... + 1/457 > 1/457 + ... + 1/457 = 201/457 > 0,4
Vậy 1 + 1/2 + ... + 1/456 + 1/457 > 1 + 1/2 + 1/2 + 1/2 + 1/2 + 1/2 + 1/2 + 1/2 + 1/2 + 0,4 = 5,4
Vậy A > 458*5,4 - 457 = 2016,2
Vậy A > 2016.
 

Ta có:
A = (456/2 + 1) + ... + (2/456 + 1) + (1/457 + 1) + 1
A = 458 + 458/2 + ... + 458/456 + 458/457 - 458/458
A = 458 (1/2 + ...+ 1/456 + 1/457 + 1/458)
Xét 1/2 + ... + 1/456 + 1/458, ta có
1/2 = 1/2
1/3 + 1/4 > 1/4 + 1/4 = 1/2
1/5 + 1/6 + ... + 1/8 > 1/8 + 1/8 + ... + 1/8 = 1/2
1/9 + 1/10 +...+ 1/16 > 1/16 + 1/16 +...+ 1/16 = 1/2
1/17 + 1/18 + ... + 1/32 > 1/32 + ... + 1/32 = 1/2
1/33+ 1/34 + ... + 1/64 > 1/64 + ...+ 1/64 = 1/2
1/65 + 1/66 + ...+ 1/128 > 1/128 + ... + 1/128 = 1/2
1/129 + 1/130 + ... + 1/256 > 1/256 + ...+ 1/256 = 1/2
1/257 + 1/258 + ... + 1/458 > 1/458 + ... + 1/458 = 202/458
Vậy 1/2 + ... + 1/456 + 1/457 > 1/2 + 1/2 + 1/2 + 1/2 + 1/2 + 1/2 + 1/2 + 1/2 + 202/458 = 4 + 202/458 = 2034/458
Vậy A > 458*2034/458 = 2034
Vậy A > 2016. 

a) P = 5 + 5² + 5³ + ... + 5²⁰

= 5(1 + 5 + 5² + ... + 5¹⁹) ⋮ 5

Vậy P ⋮ 5

b) P = 5 + 5² + 5³ + ... + 5²⁰

= 5.(1 + 5) + 5³.(1 + 5) + ... + 5¹⁹.(1 + 5)

= 6.(5 + 5³ + ... + 5¹⁹) ⋮ 6

Vậy P ⋮ 6

c) P = 5 + 5² + 5³ + 5⁴ + ... + 5¹⁷ + 5¹⁸ + 5¹⁹ + 5²⁰

= 5.(1 + 5 + 5² + 5³) + ... + 5¹⁷.(1 + 5 + 5² + 5³)

= 5.156 + ... + 5¹⁷.156

= 156.(5 + 5⁵ + 5⁹ + 5¹³ + 5¹⁷)

= 13.12.(5 + 5⁵ + 5⁹ + 5¹³ + 5¹⁷) ⋮ 13

Vậy P ⋮ 13

a: P=5(1+5+5^2+...+5^19) chia hết cho 5

b: P=5(1+5)+5^3(1+5)+...+5^19(1+5)

=6(5+5^3+...+5^19) chia hết cho 6

c: P=5(1+5+5^2+5^3)+...+5^17(1+5+5^2+5^3)

=156(5+5^5+5^9+5^13+5^17) chia hết cho 13

A = 2 + 2² + 2³ + ... + 2²⁰

= (2 + 2² + 2³ + 2⁴) + (2⁵ + 2⁶ + 2⁷ + 2⁸) + ... + (2¹⁷ + 2¹⁸ + 2¹⁹ + 2²⁰)

= 30 + 2⁴.(2 + 2² + 2³ + 2⁴) + ... + 2¹⁶.(2 + 2² + 2³ + 2⁴)

= 30 + 2⁴.30 + ... + 2¹⁶.30

= 30.(1 + 2⁴ + ... + 2¹⁶)

= 5.6.(1 + 2⁴ + ... + 2¹⁶) ⋮ 5

Vậy A ⋮ 5

b) A = 2 + 2² + 2³ + ... + 2¹⁰⁰

= (2 + 2² + 2³ + 2⁴) + (2⁵ + 2⁶ + 2⁷ + 2⁸) + ... + (2⁹⁷ + 2⁹⁸ + 2⁹⁹ + 2¹⁰⁰)

= 30 + 2⁴.(2 + 2² + 2³ + 2⁴) + ... + 2⁹⁶.(2 + 2² + 2³ + 2⁴)

= 30 + 2⁴.30 + ... + 2⁹⁶.30

= 30.(1 + 2⁴ + ... + 2⁹⁶)

= 6.5.(1 + 2⁴ + ... + 2⁹⁶) ⋮ 6

Vậy A ⋮ 6

a)A=2(1+2+2^2+...+2^19)

   =>A chia hết cho 2

b)A=(2+2^2)+(2^3+2^4)+...+(2^19+2^20)

   A=2(1+2)+2^3(1+2)+...+2^19(1+2)

   A=2.3+2^3.3+...+2^19.3

   A=3(2+2^3+...+2^19)

   =>A chia hết cho 3

c)A=(2+2^3)+(2^2+2^4)+...+(2^18+2^20)

   A=2(1+2^2)+2^2(1+2^2)+...+2^18(1+2^2)

   A=2.5+2^2.5+...+2^18.5

   A=5(2+2^2+...+2^18)

   =>A chia hết cho 5

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A=(1+11+11.1

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