tìm giá trị x để biểu thức nguyên

D=2x-3/x+5 

E=x^2-5/x-3

Giup mình với ah.

1- Tính :

A= 5. | x- 5 | - 3x + 1

2 - Tìm các số nguyên x,y ; sao cho :

a) 5/x - y/3 = 1/6                        b) 5/x + y/4 = 1/8

3- Tìm giá trị lớn nhất của Q = 27-2x/12-x ( x là số nguyên)

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Ta có:

\(T=\frac{3x-8}{x-5}=\frac{3x-15+7}{x-5}=\frac{3.\left(x-5\right)+7}{x-5}=\frac{3.\left(x-5\right)}{x-5}+\frac{7}{x-5}=3+\frac{7}{x-5}\)

Để T nguyên thì \(\frac{7}{x-5}\) nguyên

\(\Rightarrow x-5\inƯ\left(7\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow x-5\in\left\{1;-1;7;-7\right\}\)

\(\Rightarrow x\in\left\{6;4;12;-2\right\}\)

Vậy \(x\in\left\{6;4;12;-2\right\}\) thì T nguyên

1) \(A=5.\left|x-5\right|-3x+1\)

\(A=\left[{}\begin{matrix}5.\left(x-5\right)-3x+1\left(x-5\ge0\right)\\5.\left(5-x\right)-3x+1\left(x-5< 0\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(A=\left[{}\begin{matrix}5x-25-3x+1\left(x\ge5\right)\\25-5x-3x+1\left(x< 5\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(A=\left[{}\begin{matrix}2x-24\left(x\ge5\right)\\26-8x\left(x< 5\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

3:

\(Q=\dfrac{27-2x}{12-x}=\dfrac{2x-27}{x-12}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow Q=\dfrac{2x-24-3}{x-12}=2-\dfrac{3}{x-12}\)

Để Q lớn nhất thì \(2-\dfrac{3}{x-12}\) lớn nhất

=>\(\dfrac{3}{x-12}\) nhỏ nhất

=>x-12 là số nguyên âm lớn nhất

=>x-12=-1

=>x=11

Vậy: \(Q_{min}=2-\dfrac{3}{11-12}=2+3=5\) khi x=11

Bài 2:

a: \(\dfrac{5}{x}-\dfrac{y}{3}=\dfrac{1}{6}\)

=>\(\dfrac{15-xy}{3x}=\dfrac{1}{6}\)

=>\(15-xy=\dfrac{x}{2}\)

=>\(30-2xy=x\)

=>x+2xy=30

=>x(2y+1)=30

mà x,y nguyên

nên \(\left(x;2y+1\right)\in\left\{\left(30;1\right);\left(-30;-1\right);\left(2;15\right);\left(-2;-15\right);\left(10;3\right);\left(-10;-3\right)\right\}\)

=>\(\left(x,y\right)\in\left\{\left(30;0\right);\left(-30;-1\right);\left(2;7\right);\left(-2;-8\right);\left(10;1\right);\left(-10;-2\right)\right\}\)

b: \(\dfrac{5}{x}+\dfrac{y}{4}=\dfrac{1}{8}\)

=>\(\dfrac{20+xy}{4x}=\dfrac{1}{8}\)

=>\(\dfrac{40+2xy}{8x}=\dfrac{x}{8x}\)

=>40+2xy=x

=>x-2xy=40

=>x(1-2y)=40

mà x,y nguyên

nên \(\left(x;1-2y\right)\in\left\{\left(40;1\right);\left(-40;-1\right);\left(8;5\right);\left(-8;-5\right)\right\}\)

=>\(\left(x,y\right)\in\left\{\left(40;0\right);\left(-40;1\right);\left(8;-2\right);\left(-8;3\right)\right\}\)

ĐKXĐ: \(x\ne\pm3\)

a

Khi x = 1:

\(A=\dfrac{3.1+2}{1-3}=\dfrac{5}{-2}=-2,5\)

Khi x = 2:

\(A=\dfrac{3.2+2}{2-3}=-8\)

Khi x = \(\dfrac{5}{2}:\)

\(A=\dfrac{3.2,5+2}{2,5-3}=\dfrac{9,5}{-0,5}=-19\)

b

Để A nguyên => \(\dfrac{3x+2}{x-3}\) nguyên

\(\Leftrightarrow3x+2⋮\left(x-3\right)\\3\left(x-3\right)+11⋮\left(x-3\right) \)

Vì \(3\left(x-3\right)⋮\left(x-3\right)\) nên \(11⋮\left(x-3\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(x-3\right)\inƯ\left(11\right)=\left\{\pm1;\pm11\right\}\\ \Rightarrow x\left\{4;2;-8;14\right\}\)

c

Để B nguyên => \(\dfrac{x^2+3x-7}{x+3}\) nguyên

\(\Rightarrow x\left(x+3\right)-7⋮\left(x+3\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow-7⋮\left(x+3\right)\\ \Rightarrow x+3\inƯ\left\{\pm1;\pm7\right\}\)

\(\Rightarrow x=\left\{-4;-11;-2;4\right\}\)

d

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}A.nguyên.\Leftrightarrow x=\left\{-8;2;4;14\right\}\\B.nguyên\Leftrightarrow x=\left\{-11;-4;-2;4\right\}\end{matrix}\right.\)

=> Để A, B cùng là số nguyên thì x = 4.

a) \(P=\dfrac{2x+5}{x+3}\inℤ\left(x\inℤ;x\ne-3\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow2x+5⋮x+3\)

\(\Rightarrow2x+5-2\left(x+3\right)⋮x+3\)

\(\Rightarrow2x+5-2x-6⋮x+3\)

\(\Rightarrow-1⋮x+3\)

\(\Rightarrow x+3\in\left\{-1;1\right\}\)

\(\Rightarrow x\in\left\{-4;-2\right\}\)

b) \(P=\dfrac{3x+4}{x+1}\inℤ\left(x\inℤ;x\ne-1\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow3x+4⋮x+1\)

\(\Rightarrow3x+4-3\left(x+1\right)⋮x+1\)

\(\Rightarrow3x+4-3x-3⋮x+1\)

\(\Rightarrow1⋮x+1\)

\(\Rightarrow x+1\in\left\{-1;1\right\}\)

\(\Rightarrow x\in\left\{-2;0\right\}\)

c) \(P=\dfrac{4x-1}{2x+3}\inℤ\left(x\inℤ;x\ne-\dfrac{3}{2}\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow4x-1⋮2x+3\)

\(\Rightarrow4x-1-2\left(2x+3\right)⋮2x+3\)

\(\Rightarrow4x-1-4x-6⋮2x+3\)

\(\Rightarrow-7⋮2x+3\)

\(\Rightarrow2x+3\in\left\{-1;1;-7;7\right\}\)

\(\Rightarrow x\in\left\{-2;-1;-5;2\right\}\)

a) P=\(\dfrac{2x+5}{x+3}=\dfrac{2\left(x+3\right)-2}{x+3}=\dfrac{2\left(x+3\right)}{x+3}-\dfrac{2}{x+3}=2-\dfrac{2}{x+3}\)

để \(P\inℤ\) thì \(\dfrac{2}{x+3}\inℤ\) hay 2 ⋮ (x-3) ⇒x+3 ϵ Ư2= (2,-2,1,-1)

ta có bảng sau:

Vậy x \(\in-1,-2,-5,-4\)

1) Giả sử: \(9x+5=n\left(n+1\right)\left(n\in Z\right)\)

\(36x+20-4n^2+4n\)

\(\Rightarrow36x+21=4n^2+4n+1\)

\(\Rightarrow3\left(12x+7\right)=\left(2n+1\right)^2\)

\(\left(2n+1\right)^2\)là số chính phương nên sẽ chia hết cho 3 => (2n+1)² chia hết cho 9

Lại có: 12x+7 ko chia hết cho 3 => 3(12x+7) ko chia hết cho 9

Chứng tỏ không tồn tại số nguyên x nào để 9x+5=n(n+1)

2) Ta có: xy + 3x - y = 6 =>x(y+3) - y = 6 

=>x(y+3) - y - 3 = 3 =>x(y+3) - (y+3) = 3

=> (y+3)(x-1) =3

Vì x, y là các số nguyên nên y+3;x-1 là các số nguyên

Ta có bảng sau: