\(P=5x^2+2y^2-2xy-4x+2y+2013\)

\(\Leftrightarrow P=\left(x^2-2xy+y^2\right)+\left(4x^2-4x+1\right)+\left(y^2+2y+1\right)+2011\)

\(\Leftrightarrow P=\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(2x-1\right)^2+\left(y+1\right)^2+2011\ge2011\)

\(\Leftrightarrow min_P=2011\)

tương tự ta có : 

\(\Leftrightarrow Q=\left(x^2-2xy+y^2\right)+\left(4x^2-4x+1\right)+\left(y^2+2y+1\right)+1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow Q=\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(2x-1\right)^2+\left(y+1\right)^2+1\ge1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow min_Q=1\)

TK NKA !!!

nỗi ám ảnh của thiếu nhi khi hallowen là đây

5x²+2y+y²-4x-40=0

△=(-4)²-4.5.(2y+y²-40)

△=16-40y-20y²+800

△=-(784+40y+20y²)

△=-(32y+8y+16y²+4y²+16+4+764)

△=-[(4y+4)²+(2y+2)²+764]<0

=>PHƯƠNG TRÌNH VÔ NGHIỆM.

\(2xy\le x^2+y^2\)

\(\Rightarrow x^2+y^2+4x+2y+1>5x^2+2y^2\)

\(\Rightarrow4x^2-4x+1+y^2-2y+1< 3\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(2x-1\right)^2+\left(y-1\right)^2< 3\)

Do \(x\) nguyên \(\Rightarrow2x-1\ne0\), ta có các trường hợp xảy ra:

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(2x-1\right)^2=1\\\left(y-1\right)^2=0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\x=0\end{matrix}\right.\\y=1\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(2x-1\right)^2=1\\\left(y-1\right)^2=1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\x=1\end{matrix}\right.\\\left[{}\begin{matrix}y=0\\y=2\end{matrix}\right.\end{matrix}\right.\)

Thế ngược vào BPT ban đầu ta thấy chỉ có các cặp \(\left(x;y\right)=\left(0;1\right);\left(1;1\right);\left(0;0\right)\) là thỏa mãn

\(M=x^2+2y^2+2xy-2x-3y+1\)

=> \(M=x^2+2x\left(y-1\right)+\left(y-1\right)^2-\left(y-1\right)^2+2y^2-3y+1\)

=> \(M=\left(x+y-1\right)^2-y^2+2y-1+2y^2-3y+1\)

=> \(M=\left(x+y-1\right)^2+y^2-y\)

=> \(M=\left(x+y-1\right)^2+y^2-2y\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{4}-\frac{1}{4}\)

=> \(M=\left(x+y-1\right)^2+\left(y-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2-\frac{1}{4}\)

Có \(\left(x+y-1\right)^2\ge0\)với mọi x, y

\(\left(y-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2\ge0\)với mọi y

=> \(M=\left(x+y-1\right)^2+\left(y-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2-\frac{1}{4}\ge\frac{-1}{4}\)với mọi x, y

Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> \(\hept{\begin{cases}x+y-1=0\\y-\frac{1}{2}=0\end{cases}}\)

<=> \(\hept{\begin{cases}x=\frac{1}{2}\\y=\frac{1}{2}\end{cases}}\)

KL: M_min = \(\frac{-1}{4}\)<=> \(x=y=\frac{1}{2}\)

cảm ơn Giang